\u0130kinci halife Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a.)\u2019in o\u011flu ve m\u00fc\u2019minlerin annesi Hz. Hafsa\u2019n\u0131n ana-baba bir karde\u015fi, f\u00e2kih ve muhaddis sah\u00e2b\u00ee. Eb\u00fb Abdurrahman k\u00fcnyesi ile tan\u0131nan Abdullah\u2019\u0131n annesi Zeynep bnt. Maz\u2019un el-C\u00fcmeyh\u00ee\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
Abdullah b. \u00d6mer\u2019in, peygamberli\u011fin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fdu\u011fu kaydedildi\u011fi gibi onun n\u00fcb\u00fcvvetten bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce d\u00fcnyaya geldi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir. (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer, \u00dcsd\u00fc\u2019l-G\u00e2be, Kahire 1286, 111, 230).<\/p>\n
Babas\u0131yla birlikte, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a girdi ve yine babas\u0131 ile birlikte Medine\u2019ye hicret etti. Tamam\u0131yla \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumunda ve \u0130sl\u00e2m terbiyesiyle yeti\u015fti. Ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Bedir ve Uhud gazalar\u0131na Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) taraf\u0131ndan kat\u0131lmas\u0131na m\u00fcs\u00e2de verilmedi. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Meg\u00e2zi, 6). Ancak onsekiz ya\u015flar\u0131nda iken Hendek gazvesine ve daha sonra Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) zaman\u0131nda meydana gelen b\u00fct\u00fcn sava\u015flara kat\u0131ld\u0131. Mekke fethinde, M\u00fbte sava\u015f\u0131nda, Teb\u00fck seferinde ve Ved\u00e2 Hacc\u2019\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n
Abdullah b. \u00d6mer, \u0130sl\u00e2m devleti b\u00fcnyesinde meydana gelen anla\u015fmazl\u0131klarla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve birbirleriyle m\u00fccadele eden gruplara kar\u0131\u015fmad\u0131, tarafs\u0131z kald\u0131 ve devlet kadrolar\u0131nda vazife almad\u0131. Zira o\u011flunu hil\u00e2fete aday g\u00f6stermesini tavsiye eden sah\u00e2belere Hz. \u00d6mer: \u201cBir evden bir kurban yeter\u201d demi\u015fti. Babas\u0131ndan sonra ba\u015fa ge\u00e7ecek halifeyi se\u00e7meye g\u00f6revli olan \u015f\u00fbr\u00e2\u2019ya sadece m\u00fc\u015f\u00e2vir olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131. Hz. \u00d6mer o\u011fluna \u015f\u00fbr\u00e2\u2019ya kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ancak aday olmamas\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye etmi\u015fti. (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer, el-K\u00e2milfi\u2019tTarih, 111, 65 vd.)<\/p>\n
Hz. Osman (r.a.) zaman\u0131nda, \u0130bn \u00d6mer, devlet i\u015flerine m\u00fcdahalede bulunmuyordu. Bir g\u00fcn Hz. Osman, \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019e kad\u0131l\u0131k yapmas\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki hukuk\u00ee anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 h\u00e2lletmesini teklif edince \u00f6z\u00fcr dileyerek kad\u0131l\u0131k vazifesini kabul etmemi\u015f, Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem (s.a.s.)\u2019in bir s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc hat\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131;<\/p>\n
– Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r ki: \u201cKad\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fittir. Birincisi c\u00e2hillerdir. Bunlar\u0131n yeri Cehennemdir. \u0130kinci z\u00fcmre \u00e2limleridir, fakat d\u00fcnyaya meyilleri vard\u0131r, ilimleri ile amelleri bir de\u011fildir, bunlarda Cehennemliktir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc z\u00fcmre ise hem \u00e2lim, hem de d\u00fcnyaya meyli olmayanlard\u0131r.\u201d (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, Akdiye, 2).<\/p>\n
– Hz. Osman, Hz. \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019e dedi ki:<\/p>\n
– \u201cAma, senin baban Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) zaman\u0131nda kaza* i\u015fleri ile u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131 ve kad\u0131l\u0131k yapt\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
– \u201cEvet, do\u011frudur, fakat babam bir mesele ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131nca Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019e m\u00fcrac\u00e2at eder, m\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcllerini h\u00e2lletmede zorluk \u00e7ekmezdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem m\u00fc\u015fkil* bir mesele ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131nca onun da m\u00fc\u015fkilini vahiy h\u00e2llederdi. \u015eimdi Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem aram\u0131zda yok ki problemlerimizi ona g\u00f6t\u00fcrelim. Allah \u015fimdi bizim yard\u0131mc\u0131m\u0131z olsun.\u201d<\/p>\n
Hz. Osman da bu hususta Hz. \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019e fazla \u0131srarda bulunmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hz. \u0130bn \u00d6mer, h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve devlet i\u015flerinden uzak kalmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hak yolunda cih\u00e2d* edip \u0130sl\u00e2m fetihlerine kat\u0131ld\u0131. Nitekim Hicret\u2019in yirmiyedinci y\u0131l\u0131nda Afrika\u2019da Tunus, Cezayir, Merake\u015f seferine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130bn \u00d6mer Hicret\u2019in otuzuncu senesinde Horasan ve Taberistan fetihlerinde bulundu ve onun Taberistan fethinde bir Dihkan\u2019\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilinmektedir. Ancak h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve devlet i\u015flerine m\u00fcdah\u00e2le hususunda \u00e7ok ihtiyatl\u0131 davran\u0131p, daima uzak kalmay\u0131 tercih etti.<\/p>\n
Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131n \u015feh\u00e2detinden sonra ilm\u00ee y\u00fcceli\u011fi, kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve m\u00fccahidli\u011fi Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in o\u011flu olmas\u0131 sebebiyle hal\u00eefe* olmas\u0131 istendiyse de kabul etmedi. Hz. Ali taraf\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Dahil\u00ee olaylara kar\u0131\u015fmad\u0131. S\u0131ffin olay\u0131ndan sonra da halifelik tekliflerini reddetti. Mu\u00e2viye zaman\u0131nda 669 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hz. Peygamber\u2019in g\u00fcvenini kazanm\u0131\u015f ve bayraktarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f olan Halid b. Zeyd Ebu Eyyub el-Ens\u00e2ri* ile \u0130stanbul surlar\u0131 \u00f6nlerine kadar gelip, \u0130stanbul\u2019un ilk muhasaras\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Onun devlet b\u00fcnyesinde ve \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumunda meydana gelen i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar s\u0131ras\u0131nda temkinli davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Fakat S\u0131ffin\u2019de Hz. Ali\u2019ye muhalefet edenlere ve Abdullah b. Z\u00fcbeyr\u2019i K\u00e2be\u2019de muhasara edip \u015fehid edenlere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na pi\u015fman oldu\u011funu bizzat kendisi if\u00e2de etmi\u015ftir (\u0130bn Abd\u00fclBerr, el-\u0130sti\u00e2b, II, 345), Haccac\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmad\u0131ysa bile onun zulm\u00fcnden asla \u00e7ekinmeden \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee ahk\u00e2m\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnemesine kar\u015f\u0131 susmay\u0131p onu gerekti\u011finde sert bir \u015fekilde uyarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hatt\u00e2 onun bu gibi uyar\u0131lar\u0131na k\u0131zan Haccac b. Yusuf, Abdullah\u2019\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrtme yollar\u0131n\u0131 aram\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Nih\u00e2yet hicretin yetmi\u015fd\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131nda Abdullah b \u00d6mer seksend\u00f6rt veyahut seksen be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131nda iken vefat etti\u011fi (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, Tabakat, IV, 187), ba\u015fka riv\u00e2yetlerde de onun seksenalt\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131nda vefat etti\u011fi kaydedilir. (\u0130bn\u00fc \u2018l-Esir, \u00dcsd \u00fc \u2018l-C\u00e2be, I V, 230-23 1 ) .<\/p>\n
Hac mevsiminde adam\u0131n biri ucu zehirli bir m\u0131zrak ile Abdullah b. \u00d6mer\u2019i aya\u011f\u0131ndan yaralad\u0131. V\u00fcc\u00fbdu zehirlendi. Bu zehirlenme vefat\u0131na sebep oldu. Bir riv\u00e2yete g\u00f6re yukar\u0131da s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz gibi bu yaralama Haccac b. Yusuf\u2019un tertibi idi.<\/p>\n
\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Esir\u2019in kayd\u0131na g\u00f6re, Haccac b. Yusuf minberde hutbe* okuyordu. Hutbe\u2019de Abdullah \u0130bn Z\u00fcbeyr\u2019e a\u011f\u0131r s\u00f6zler s\u00f6ylemi\u015f ve baz\u0131 ithamlarda bulunmu\u015f, onun Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019i tahrif etti\u011fi iddias\u0131n\u0131 ortaya atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130bn \u00d6mer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden ve \u00e7ekinmeden Haccac\u2019a ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131p: \u201cYalan s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsun, bunu ne \u0130bn Z\u00fcbeyr yapard\u0131, ne de senin bu i\u015fe g\u00fcc\u00fcn yeter!\u2026\u201d demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
\u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019in halk\u0131n toplu bulundu\u011fu bir yerde b\u00f6yle sert konu\u015fmas\u0131ndan Haccac fena halde bozulmu\u015f, ona kin besleyip \u00e7ok k\u0131zm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. A\u00e7\u0131ktan a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa ona bir \u015fey yapamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan gizlice ve hainlikle intikam almay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. (\u0130bn Hallik\u00e2n, Vefayat\u00fc\u2019l Ayan, II, 242). Ancak \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Esir Haccac\u2019\u0131n hutbe meselesini ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc anlatmaktad\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6re, Haccac hutbeyi \u00e7ok uzatm\u0131\u015f, o kadar uzatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki, ikindi namaz\u0131na vakit daralm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu ara \u0130bn \u00d6mer, \u201cG\u00fcne\u015f seni beklemiyor\u201d diye ihtarda bulunmu\u015ftu. \u0130kinci bir riv\u00e2yete g\u00f6re, \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019in onu beklemeyip k\u0131ymet vermemesine Haccac\u2019\u0131n can\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, firavunlu\u011fu tutmu\u015ftu. Fakat Emevi h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Abd\u00fclmelik b. Mervan\u2019\u0131n korkusundan \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 gelemiyordu. Bu meselenin i\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn bu \u015fekilde oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yoksa imk\u00e2n buldu\u011fu takdirde Haccac, \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019i bir an evvel ortadan kald\u0131rmada teredd\u00fct etmezdi. (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019lEsir, \u00dcsd\u00fc\u2019l-G\u00e2be, 111, 230)<\/p>\n
Hac mevsiminde halk\u0131n kalabal\u0131k bulundu\u011fu bir s\u0131rada kim vurduya getirmek i\u00e7in Haccac bu h\u00e2diseyi tertiplemi\u015fti. Hatt\u00e2 \u0130bn \u00d6mer hastaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada Haccac ziyaretine gitmi\u015f su\u00e7lunun yakalan\u0131p cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 meselesi s\u00f6z konusu olmu\u015ftu. \u0130bn \u00d6mer o s\u0131rada Haccac\u2019a: \u201cSen silahla Harem-i \u015eerif\u2019e girilmesine m\u00fcs\u00e2ade etti\u011fin i\u00e7in bu olay meydana geldi. Harem-i \u015eerif\u2019e silahl\u0131 girmenin do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyordun. Bunun \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsayd\u0131n bu h\u00e2dise olmazd\u0131\u201d demi\u015f, o da susmu\u015ftu (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, Tabakat, IV, 187 vd.).<\/p>\n
\u0130bn \u00d6mer Medine\u2019de vefat etmeyi arzu ediyordu. Zira son g\u00fcnlerde Mekke\u2019de vaziyetin iyi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sezmi\u015fti. Cenab-\u0131 Hakk\u2019a dua ediyor: \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131m, beni Mekke\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fcrme!\u201d diye yalvar\u0131yordu. O\u011flu S\u00e2lim\u2019e \u015f\u00f6yle vasiyet etmi\u015fti: \u201cBen Mekke\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcrsem beni Harem hududu civar\u0131nda defnet, sen de buradan g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp git!\u201d \u0130bn \u00d6mer bu vasiyetinden birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra vefat etti.<\/p>\n
Vefat\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcteakip vasiyeti* gere\u011fince halk topland\u0131. Haccac da su\u00e7lulu\u011funu \u00f6rtbas etmek i\u00e7in cenaze namaz\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Hatta namaz\u0131n\u0131 Haccac\u2019\u0131n k\u0131ld\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. (\u0130bn Sa \u2018d, Labakat ayn\u0131 yer). Vefat etti\u011finde onbiri erkek onbe\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fu vard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Muhit ve aile olarak tamamen \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee terbiye ile yeti\u015fmesi ve Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n sohbetlerinde devaml\u0131 bulunmas\u0131 ona bizzat hizmet etmekle \u015fereflenmesi, f\u0131traten \u00fcst\u00fcn h\u00e2llere sahip olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 zaman\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn ilimlerinde m\u00e2hir ve \u00fcstad olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Her konuda \u00e7ok dikkatli ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131, incelemeyi severdi. Sah\u00e2be i\u00e7inde d\u00fcnyaya \u00f6nem vermemesi \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilirdi. Haram ve \u015f\u00fcpheli konularda \u00e7ok titiz davran\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019in tefsiri hususunda da sah\u00e2benin ileri gelenlerindendi. Bir g\u00fcn Hz. Peygamber, ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m\u2019a \u0130brahim s\u00fbresi* Yirmid\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e2yetinde ge\u00e7en \u201ca\u011fa\u00e7\u201d\u0131n nas\u0131l bir a\u011fa\u00e7 oldu\u011funu sormu\u015f. Hi\u00e7 kimse cevap verememi\u015fti. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.s.) bunun \u201churma a\u011fac\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131p da oradakiler da\u011f\u0131l\u0131nca Abdullah b. \u00d6mer yolda giderken babas\u0131na \u201cRas\u00fbli Ekrem\u2019in, a\u011fac\u0131n nas\u0131l bir a\u011fa\u00e7 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce hurma a\u011fac\u0131 oldu\u011fu kalbime do\u011fdu\u201d dedi. Babas\u0131 \u00d6mer, \u201cPeki neden bunu s\u00f6ylemedin?\u201d deyince, Abdullah \u201cRas\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n huzurunda sen ve Eb\u00fb Bekir dururken konu\u015fmay\u0131 uygun g\u00f6rmedim\u201d demi\u015fti (\u0130bn H\u00e2cer, Fethu\u2019l-B\u00e2r\u00ee \u015eerh Sahihi\u2019l-Buh\u00e2ri, M\u0131s\u0131r 1959, IX, 449). Bu da onun Allah\u2019\u0131n \u00e2yetlerine vuk\u00fbfiyetini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Abdullah b. \u00d6mer hel\u00e2l ve harama ait hadisleri en \u00e7ok bildiren r\u00e2vidir. Genellikle i\u015fitti\u011fi hadisleri yan\u0131lg\u0131y\u0131 azaltmak, unutkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in devaml\u0131 yazard\u0131. Gerekmedik\u00e7e de hadis riv\u00e2yet etmezdi.<\/p>\n
\u0130bn \u00d6mer tefsirde oldu\u011fu kadar hadis ilminde de ileri gelenlerden de hadis h\u00e2f\u0131zlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fcn kazanm\u0131\u015f sah\u00e2b\u00eelerdendir. Elimizde mevcut hadis kitaplar\u0131nda \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019den ikibinalt\u0131y\u00fczotuz hadis riv\u00e2yet olunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Bunlardan y\u00fczaltm\u0131\u015fsekiz tanesi Buh\u00e2r\u00ee* ve M\u00fcslim* taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fc\u015ftereken riv\u00e2yet edilmi\u015ftir. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019de seksenbir, M\u00fcslim\u2019de de otuzbir; Ahmed b. Hanbel\u2019in M\u00fcsned\u2019inde iki binondokuz hadis ayr\u0131ca naklolunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130bn \u00d6mer Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in s\u00f6zlerini, fiillerini \u015fevk ve zevk ile izlerdi. Ekseriya Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in hizmetinde ve huzurunda bulunurdu. Bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman da Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in s\u00f6z ve fiilini huzurda bulunanlardan sorar, tetkik ederdi. Bir meselede \u015f\u00fcpheye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yahut iyi anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde hemen Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019e gidip \u00f6\u011frenirdi. Bu suretle Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in s\u00f6z ve fiillerine ait hadisleri toplam\u0131\u015f, h\u0131fzetmi\u015fti .<\/p>\n
Had\u00ees-i \u015eeriflerin \u00fcmmet i\u00e7inde yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00fcmmetin evlatlar\u0131na \u00f6\u011fretilmesi hususunda \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmeti olmu\u015ftur. Hadisi iyi bilip, iyi tetkik edenlerdendi. Bildi\u011fini \u00f6\u011fretmekten b\u00fcy\u00fck zevk duyard\u0131. Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in vef\u00e2t\u0131ndan sonra altm\u0131\u015f y\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131. \u00d6mr\u00fc boyunca Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n hadislerini \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00fcmmeti aras\u0131nda yaymakla vakit ge\u00e7irdi. Nitekim elimizde bulunan hadislerin nakil silsilesinin \u00e7o\u011fu Abdullah \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019e dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130bn \u00d6mer, Medine\u2019de ders halkas\u0131 olu\u015fturarak had\u00ees \u00f6\u011fretirdi. Bundan ba\u015fka her zaman hac mevsiminde Mekke\u2019de \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan gelen hac\u0131lara Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n hadislerini \u00f6\u011fretme konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck gayret sarfederdi.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ok had\u00ees bilmesine ra\u011fmen b\u00fcy\u00fck titizli\u011finden \u00e7ok az riv\u00e2yette bulunurdu. Abdullah b. \u00d6mer\u2019den N\u00e2fi ve \u0130mam M\u00e2lik* b. Enes\u2019in riv\u00e2yetleriyle gelen hadisler en sa\u011flam riv\u00e2yetler olarak de\u011ferlendirilmekte ve bu riv\u00e2yet zincirine \u201cAlt\u0131n Zincir\u201d ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Abdullah b. \u00d6mer\u2019den hadis \u00f6\u011frenimi g\u00f6renler aras\u0131nda ba\u015fta Abdullah b. Abb\u00e2s olmak \u00fczere C\u00e2bir b. Abdullah, Sa\u00eed b. el-M\u00fcseyyeb, Said b. C\u00fcbeyr, Abdullah b. Keys\u00e2n, Hasan-\u0131 Basr\u00ee, N\u00e2fi, M\u00fcc\u00e2hid, T\u00e2v\u00fbs, Enes b. \u015e\u00eerin gibi me\u015fhur muhaddisler ve o\u011fullar\u0131ndan Hamza, Bil\u00e2l, Abdullah ve Ubeydullah vard\u0131r. \u0130bn \u00d6mer bu hadis ilminden dolay\u0131 \u00e7ok hadis riv\u00e2yet eden Muksir\u00fbn* sah\u00e2beler aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Abdullah\u2019\u0131n, muhaddisli\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra fak\u00eeh bir sah\u00e2b\u00ee oldu\u011fu da bilinen bir husustur. \u0130bn \u00d6mer \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc Medine\u2019de ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve f\u0131k\u0131h* \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Medine\u2019nin f\u0131k\u0131h \u00e2limlerinin bir\u00e7o\u011fu fetvalar\u0131nda \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019in bilgisinden faydalanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet\u2019in d\u00f6rt imam\u0131ndan biri olan \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019in f\u0131kh\u0131 Abdullah \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019in fetvalar\u0131 ile doludur. \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019in dedi\u011fi gibi, Abdullah b. \u00d6mer f\u0131k\u0131h \u00e2limlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelenlerdendi. E\u011fer \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019in f\u0131k\u0131htaki fetvalar\u0131 toplansa b\u00fcy\u00fck bir eser meydana gelir. Nitekim, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019l\u0131 \u00e2lim M. Revv\u00e2s Kal\u2019ac\u0131 \u201cMevs\u00fb \u2018atu F\u0131kh\u00ee Abdullah b. \u00d6mer\u201d (Abdullah b. \u00d6mer\u2019in F\u0131kh\u0131 Ansiklopedisi) ad\u0131yla bir eser v\u00fcc\u00fbda getirmi\u015ftir. (Beyr\u00fbt 1986). \u0130sl\u00e2m f\u0131k\u0131h ulem\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n en ileri gelenlerinin bildirdiklerine g\u00f6re, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee meselelerde \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019in s\u00f6zleri ile amel etmek yeterlidir.<\/p>\n
Abdullah b. \u00d6mer uzun bir \u00f6m\u00fcr s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden peygamberimizden sonra altm\u0131\u015f y\u0131l m\u00fcddetle fetva* vermi\u015ftir. Ancak fetva verme konusunda \u00e7ok ihtiyatl\u0131 hareket ederdi. \u015eahsiyet olarak; iyilik etmeyi, sadaka vermeyi, hay\u0131r yapmay\u0131, hele k\u00f6le azad etmeyi \u00e7ok severdi. Sa\u011flam karakterli, iyi ve g\u00fczel huylu olup, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Her yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi Allah r\u0131zas\u0131 i\u00e7in yapard\u0131. Kendi y\u00fcz\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131nda: \u201cAllah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019ya, Allah i\u00e7in h\u00e2lis ib\u00e2det etti.\u201d ib\u00e2resi yaz\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. D\u00fcnya mal\u0131na, d\u00fcnya zevklerine hi\u00e7 g\u00f6n\u00fcl vermezdi. Sah\u00e2be\u2019den C\u00e2bir b. Abdullah: \u201c\u00d6mer ve o\u011flu Abdullah\u2019dan ba\u015fka i\u00e7imizde d\u00fcnyaya meyli olmayan kimse yoktur.\u201d derdi.<\/p>\n
\u0130limde imaml\u0131\u011fa y\u00fckselen muhaddis ve t\u00e2bi\u00eenin b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinden olan N\u00e2fi, Abdullah b. \u00d6mer\u2019in azatl\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. N\u00e2fi k\u00f6le iken \u0130bn \u00d6mer onu onbin dirheme sat\u0131n al\u0131p, \u201cSeni Allah r\u0131zas\u0131 i\u00e7in azat ettim\u201d diyerek k\u00f6lelikten kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00f6lelerinden ib\u00e2det edeni g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e hemen onu \u00e2zad ederdi. \u201c\u0130badeti g\u00f6stermelik yaparak \u00e2zad olmak isteyenler olursa ne yapars\u0131n\u0131z?\u201d diye ona soruldu\u011funda Abdullah\u2019\u0131n \u201cHay\u0131r i\u00e7in aldanmaktan iyi \u015fey var m\u0131d\u0131r?\u201d buyurduklar\u0131 me\u015fh\u00fbrdur. \u0130mam N\u00e2fi, Abdullah i\u00e7in: \u201cHer zaman dualar\u0131nda belirtti\u011fi gibi bin k\u00f6le \u00e2zad ettikten sonra vefat etti.\u201d demi\u015fti. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman s\u0131rt\u0131ndaki kaftan\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir fakire verirdi.<\/p>\n
Abdullah b. \u00d6mer\u2019in evinde misafir* eksik olmazd\u0131. Ak\u015fam yemeklerini yaln\u0131z yedi\u011fi nadirdir. Mutlaka misafiri olur, olmazsa arar bulurdu. Kendisi de dostlar\u0131n\u0131n evinde \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnden fazla misafir kalmazd\u0131. Evinde en zar\u00fbr\u00ee ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan e\u015fya bulundururdu. Cuma\u2019dan \u00f6nce mutlaka y\u0131kan\u0131r, abdest al\u0131r, g\u00fczel kokular s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Her namaz i\u00e7in abdest al\u0131r, geceleri \u00e7ok namaz k\u0131lard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Abdullah\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu H\u00e2lid\u2019in \u00e2zad etti\u011fi Eb\u00fb G\u00e2lib \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r: \u201cAbdullah b. \u00d6mer Mekke\u2019ye geldi\u011finde s\u0131k s\u0131k bize mis\u00e2fir olurdu. Geceleri tehecc\u00fcd namaz\u0131 k\u0131lard\u0131. Bir gece sabah namaz\u0131 yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman bana \u201cKalk\u0131p namaz k\u0131lmayacak m\u0131s\u0131n? Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birini de okusan yeter.\u201d dedi. \u201cSabah yakla\u015ft\u0131, k\u0131sa zamanda Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birini okuyup yeti\u015ftiremem\u201d dedim. Bana d\u00f6nerek: \u201c\u0130hl\u00e2s s\u00fbresi Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birine e\u015fittir.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
\u0130mam N\u00e2fi\u2019in nakletti\u011fine g\u00f6re, Abdullah b. \u00d6mer m\u00fbs\u0131k\u00eeyi * sevmezdi. Te\u011fanni ve saz seslerine kulaklar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131kard\u0131. Bir g\u00fcn birisi yan\u0131na yakla\u015farak: \u201cAbdullah, Allah i\u00e7in seni \u00e7ok seviyorum\u201d dedi. Abdullah da: \u201cBen de Allah i\u00e7in seni hi\u00e7 sevmiyorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sen ezan\u0131 te\u011fanni ederek, \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yler gibi okuyorsun\u201d buyurdu.<\/p>\n
Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka kimseden korkmazd\u0131. K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 hep iyilikle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verirdi. Zeyd b. Eslem \u015fu olay\u0131 anlat\u0131r: \u201cAdam\u0131n birisi yolda Abdullah b. \u00d6mer\u2019e s\u00f6v\u00fcp saymaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Abdullah evinin kap\u0131s\u0131na var\u0131ncaya kadar onu sab\u0131rla dinledikten sonra adam d\u00f6nerek, \u201cBen ve karde\u015fim \u00c2s\u0131m kimseye s\u00f6vmeyiz\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ok az yemek yerdi. Hele ac\u0131kmay\u0131nca hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yemezdi. Bir g\u00fcn dostlar\u0131ndan birisi ona haz\u0131m kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir il\u00e2\u00e7 hediye etmek istedi. O dostuna \u015fu cevab\u0131 verdi: \u201cBen hi\u00e7bir yemekten karn\u0131m\u0131 doyururcas\u0131na yemedim. Haz\u0131m il\u00e2c\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131m olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zannetmiyorum.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bu kadar tok g\u00f6zl\u00fc olmakla beraber ayn\u0131 zamanda son derece m\u00fcsta\u011fni bir ki\u015fi idi. Kimseden bir \u015fey istemezdi. Herkes ona hizmet etmek ister, fakat o asla kabul etmezdi.<\/p>\n
Bir ara Abd\u00fclaziz b. H\u00e2run ona haber g\u00f6nderip ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu bildirmesini istemi\u015f, \u0130bn \u00d6mer onun davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fu cevab\u0131 vermi\u015fti: \u201cSiz, ge\u00e7imleri size ait olanlar\u0131n, ge\u00e7imlerini \u00fczerinize alm\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011funuz kimselerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 temin ederseniz daha iyi olur \u201d (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, Tabakat, IV, 174).<\/p>\n
Ancak \u0130bn \u00d6mer bir \u015fey hediye* edildi\u011finde onu geri \u00e7evirmezdi. Nitekim Muhtar mal-ve m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u00e7o\u011funu \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019e hediye etmi\u015f, o da kabul eylemi\u015fti. \u201cBize hediye edilenleri biz de hediye eder, Hak yolunda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r\u0131z.\u201d demi\u015fti. Ve b\u00fct\u00fcn hediyeleri ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bir ara \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019in halas\u0131 Ramle ona ikiy\u00fcz dinar alt\u0131n para g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Emir Mu\u00e2viye ise bir aral\u0131k onun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fcz bin dinar yollam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mu\u00e2viye bu paray\u0131 g\u00f6nderirken \u0130bn \u00d6mer\u2019in Yez\u00eed\u2019e bey\u2019at etmesini de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek buna ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftu. \u0130bn \u00d6mer bunu kabul etmemi\u015f, \u201cBenim iman\u0131m sizin paran\u0131zdan daha de\u011ferlidir . \u201d demi\u015fti . (\u0130bn Sa \u2018d, ayn\u0131 yerler).<\/p>\n
Abdullah b. \u00d6mer\u2019in ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00f6steri\u015ften uzak idi. O bu hususta m\u00fckemmel bir \u00f6rnektir. Bir oturu\u015fta binlerce dirhem para da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015f olan bir z\u00e2t\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn ev e\u015fyas\u0131 bir hal\u0131 veya kilim ve bir de yataktan ibaret idi. Bunlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131ymeti y\u00fcz dirhem tutmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Abdullah varl\u0131kl\u0131 olmakla beraber ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fte bu kadar s\u00e2de idi. Cuma g\u00fcnleri hari\u00e7, g\u00fczel koku kullanmazd\u0131. Yaln\u0131z cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc iyi elbise giyerdi. Bir g\u00fcn Cuma\u2019dan sonra yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gerekti. G\u00fczel elbiselerini giymi\u015fti. Bu elbiseyi eve g\u00f6nderip de\u011fi\u015ftirdi ve normal elbiselerini giydi.<\/p>\n
\u0130bn \u00d6mer \u015fekil ve \u015fem\u00e2li hususunda babas\u0131 \u00d6mer\u2019e \u00e7ok benzerdi. Uzun boylu ve esmerdi. Sakal\u0131 a\u011fard\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman koyu sar\u0131ya boyard\u0131. Zira sakal\u0131n\u0131n rengi de koyu sar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ahmed A\u011eIRAK\u00c7A<\/p>\n
Abdullah b. \u00d6mer\u2019in Bizzat Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019den Duyarak Nakletti\u011fi Baz\u0131 Hadisler<\/p>\n
– \u0130nsano\u011flu Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015feyden korkmazsa Allah\u2019u Te\u00e2l\u00e2 ona hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi musallat etmez.<\/p>\n
– Nasihat olarak \u00f6l\u00fcm yeter.<\/p>\n
– \u0130stedi\u011fini ye, istedi\u011fini giyin. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f yola g\u00f6t\u00fcren israf ve tekebb\u00fcrd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
– Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve hayat\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn i\u00e7in tedbir al.<\/p>\n
Abdullah \u0130bn \u00d6mer (r.a.) buyurdu ki:<\/p>\n
– Ey insan bedeninle d\u00fcnyada ol, kalbinle \u00e2hireti bul.<\/p>\n
– Hikmet ondur; dokuzu s\u00fck\u00fbt, biri de az konu\u015fmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
– Haramdan ka\u00e7\u0131nmad\u0131k\u00e7a ib\u00e2detler kabul olunmaz.<\/p>\n
Eb\u00fb Seleme b. Abdullah \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cAbdullah \u0130bn \u00d6mer vefat etti. O fazilette babas\u0131 \u00d6mer\u2019e \u00e7ok benzerdi. Hz. \u00d6mer kendisinin benzerlerinin \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu bir zamanda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fakat Abdullah \u0130bn \u00d6mer ise kendisinin bir benzeri bulunmayan bir d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130kinci halife Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a.)\u2019in o\u011flu ve m\u00fc\u2019minlerin annesi Hz. Hafsa\u2019n\u0131n ana-baba bir karde\u015fi, f\u00e2kih ve muhaddis sah\u00e2b\u00ee. Eb\u00fb Abdurrahman k\u00fcnyesi ile tan\u0131nan Abdullah\u2019\u0131n annesi Zeynep bnt. Maz\u2019un el-C\u00fcmeyh\u00ee\u2019dir. Abdullah b. \u00d6mer\u2019in, peygamberli\u011fin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fdu\u011fu kaydedildi\u011fi gibi onun n\u00fcb\u00fcvvetten bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce d\u00fcnyaya geldi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir. (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer, \u00dcsd\u00fc\u2019l-G\u00e2be, Kahire 1286, 111, 230). Babas\u0131yla birlikte, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[396],"tags":[929,928,930,931,932,933,316,934,935,936,937,938,939,940,941,942,943,944],"class_list":["post-720","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sahabeler","tag-abdullah-b-omer","tag-abdullah-bin-omer","tag-abdullah-bin-omer-bin-el-hattab","tag-abdullah-bin-omer-hayati","tag-abdullah-bin-omer-kimdir","tag-hz-osman","tag-hz-peygamber","tag-ibn-omer","tag-ibn-omer-hayati","tag-ibn-omer-kimdir","tag-islam-devleti","tag-kadi","tag-kamilfittarih","tag-mekke-fethi","tag-omer-bin-el-hattab","tag-omer-bin-hattab","tag-omer-bin-hattab-kimdir","tag-sahabe-hayati"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/720","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=720"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/720\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=720"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=720"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=720"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}