AMM\u00c2R B. Y\u00c2S\u0130R<\/p>\n
M\u00fc\u015friklerin b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fkencelerine du\u00e7ar olan ilk sahabilerden biri. Ad\u0131 Amm\u00e2r, k\u00fcnyesi Eb\u00fb Yakazan, babas\u0131 Y\u00e2sir, annesi S\u00fcmeyye idi. Kaynaklarda nesebi \u015f\u00f6yle kaydedilir: Amm\u00e2r b. Y\u00e2sir b. \u00c2mir b. M\u00e2lik b. Kin\u00e2ne b. Kays b. Hasin b. el-Vedim b. Sa\u2019lebe b. Avf b. H\u00e2rise b. \u00c2mir el-Ekber b. Yam\u011f b. Anes b. M\u00e2lik el-Anesi elKaht\u00e2n\u00ee. (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer, \u00dcsd\u00fc\u2019l-G\u00e2be,IV, I, 44).<\/p>\n
Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n babas\u0131, aslen Kahtanl\u0131\u2019yd\u0131. \u00d6z yurdu Yemen\u2019di. Y\u00e2sir, Yemen\u2019den \u00e7\u0131karak Mekke\u2019ye geldi. Yan\u0131nda o\u011fullar\u0131 H\u00e2ris ve M\u00e2lik de vard\u0131. Burada Mahzumo\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcttefiki oldu, Ebu Huzeyfe b. el-Mu\u011f\u00eere el-Mahz\u00fbm\u00ee\u2019nin cariyelerinden S\u00fcmeyye ile evlendi. \u0130\u015fte Amm\u00e2r, bu evlilikten do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Eb\u00fb Huzeyfe, Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131 \u00e7ok severdi. \u0130kisi adeta b\u00fcy\u00fckbaba ve torun gibiydiler (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, Tabak\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019l-K\u00fcbr\u00e2,III, 247).<\/p>\n
Eb\u00fb Huzeyfe\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Mekke\u2019de \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee davet gittik\u00e7e ilerledi. Resulullah (s.a.s.) Erkam b. Ebi\u2019l-Erkam\u2019\u0131n evinde bulundu\u011fu s\u0131rada S\u00fcheyb-i R\u00fbm\u00ee Hz. Peygamber\u2019e giderek m\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu. Suheyb, yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Ammar\u2019\u0131 da Allah Resul\u00fc\u2019ne g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp onun da m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Amm\u00e2r, Resulullah\u2019\u0131n huzurundan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra evine gelip, anne ve babas\u0131na da \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 anlatt\u0131. O g\u00fcn onlar da \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a girdiler.<\/p>\n
Buh\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019nin rivayetine g\u00f6re Amm\u00e2r der ki: \u201cResulullah (s.a.s.)\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm zaman etraf\u0131nda be\u015f k\u00f6le, iki kad\u0131n ve Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a.) vard\u0131. Asl\u0131nda Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a girdi\u011fi g\u00fcnlerde m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar daha fazlayd\u0131. Fakat, bunlar, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n onlar\u0131 sayamamas\u0131 tabiidir. Bu s\u0131rada m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Kurey\u015f\u2019in zulm\u00fcnden \u00e7ekindikleri i\u00e7in dinlerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koyam\u0131yorlard\u0131 (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer, \u00dcsd\u00fc\u2019l-\u011e\u00e2be, IV, 44).<\/p>\n
Amm\u00e2r, Mekke\u2019de yabanc\u0131 bir adamd\u0131. Annesi cariye ve babas\u0131 da Kurey\u015fli de\u011fildi. Bunun i\u00e7indir ki, onun bu \u015fehirde mal\u0131 ve m\u00fclk\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, iktidar ve n\u00fcfuzu da yoktu. Annesi, Mahzumo\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n cariyelerindendi. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olunca efendileri \u00e7ileden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve ona t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015fkence ve cefalar \u00e7ektirmi\u015flerdi. Fakat iman \u015fuuru, ilk m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n kalbinde o kadar derin bir \u015fekilde yerle\u015fmi\u015fti ki, bunlar imanlar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 her mihnet ve me\u015fakkati nimet say\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130man, onlar\u0131n iliklerine i\u015flemi\u015fti ve bu y\u00fczden \u0130sl\u00e2m u\u011frunda hi\u00e7 bir \u015feyden korkmuyorlard\u0131. \u0130\u015fte \u0130sl\u00e2m tarihinde ilk \u015fehid Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n annesi S\u00fcmeyye oldu. S\u00fcmeyye ve e\u015fi Y\u00e2sir Mekke y\u00f6neticileri olan m\u00fc\u015frikler taraf\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnde \u015fehit edilmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n
Amm\u00e2r bir g\u00fcn Hz. Peygamber\u2019e kendisinin ve ailesinin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eza ve cefadan bahsetti. Resulullah (s.a.s.)\u2019da ona: \u201cSabrediniz, sabrediniz, siz Amm\u00e2r\u2019lar, Allah\u2019\u0131n l\u00fctfuna mazhar olacaks\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d buyurdu. Ba\u015fka bir g\u00fcn de Resulullah, Amm\u00e2r ailesini Cennet\u2019le m\u00fcjdelemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Bir g\u00fcn m\u00fc\u015frikler Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131 gaddarca i\u015fkencelere u\u011fratt\u0131lar, yapmad\u0131klar\u0131 eza tatbik etmedikleri i\u015fkence kalmad\u0131. Hz. Amm\u00e2r, bu korkun\u00e7 ve dayan\u0131lmaz i\u015fkenceden kurtulmak i\u00e7in, onlar\u0131 ho\u015fnut edici birka\u00e7 s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylemek zorunda kald\u0131. K\u00e2firler, mustas\u2019af ve himayesiz bir adama yapt\u0131klar\u0131 eza ve cefalarla s\u00f6ylettikleri s\u00f6zlerden memnun olarak onu serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Hz. Amm\u00e2r, m\u00fc\u015friklerin elinden kurtulur kurtulmaz, ko\u015fa ko\u015fa Resulullah\u2019\u0131n huzuruna vard\u0131 ve olanlar\u0131 anlatt\u0131. Kendisini k\u0131zg\u0131n kumlara yat\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve kuyuya sark\u0131tt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, e\u011fer L\u00e2t ve Uzza lehinde ve Resulullah aleyhinde konu\u015fursa b\u0131rakacaklar\u0131n\u0131, aksi takdirde \u00f6ld\u00fcreceklerini; durumun ciddiyetini g\u00f6r\u00fcnce de s\u0131rf kendini kurtarmak i\u00e7in diliyle baz\u0131 \u015feyler s\u00f6ylemek zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131. Bunlar\u0131 anlat\u0131rken bir taraftan da g\u00f6zlerinden ya\u015flar bo\u015fan\u0131yordu. Bu manzara kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Resul-u Ekrem (s.a.s.) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu!<\/p>\n
-Amm\u00e2r! kalbine sor, kalbini nas\u0131l hissediyorsun ?<\/p>\n
-Ya Resulallah, kalbim, iman\u0131n verdi\u011fi zevkli duygularla dopdolu!<\/p>\n
-Amm\u00e2r! tekrar b\u00f6yle muamelede bulunurlarsa, sen de onlar\u0131n dediklerini yap (Nes\u00e2i, \u0130m\u00e2n, 17)<\/p>\n
Resulullah\u2019\u0131n bu ruhsat\u0131 vermesinin ard\u0131ndan \u015fuayet-i kerime nazil oldu.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130nand\u0131ktan sonra Allah\u2019\u0131 ink\u00e2r eden, kalbi imanla yat\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde ink\u00e2ra zorlanan de\u011fil, fakat k\u00fcfre g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7an, k\u00fcf\u00fcrle sevin\u00e7 duyan kimselere Allah\u2019dan bir gazap iner. \u0130\u015fte onlar i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir azap vard\u0131r.\u201d (en-Nahl, 16\/106).<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece m\u00fcminlere tehlike kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kurtulu\u015f i\u00e7in diliyle ink\u00e2r eder gibi davranma ruhsat\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, Tabak\u00e2t, III, 248).<\/p>\n
Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n annesi ve babas\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m davas\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u015fehitleridir. Bu itibarla Amm\u00e2r \u00e2ilesinin \u0130sl\u00e2m tarihindeki mevkii \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Hz. Amm\u00e2r, anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m davas\u0131 u\u011frunda \u015fehit olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekle iman\u0131 daha da artm\u0131\u015f, m\u00fc\u015friklerin b\u00fct\u00fcn eza ve cefalar\u0131na g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs germi\u015fti. B\u00fct\u00fcn ashab onun bu fedak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, herkes i\u00e7in bir ibret num\u00fbnesi olan h\u00e2llerini y\u00e2d ederlerdi. S\u00e2id b. C\u00fcbeyr ile Abdullah b. Abb\u00e2s (r.a.) Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n ancak en dayan\u0131lmaz i\u015fkencelere u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlarda m\u00fc\u015friklerin elinden kurtulmak i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 s\u00f6z s\u00f6yledi\u011fini beyan ve ifadede birle\u015firler. Hz. Amm\u00e2r, u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn bu m\u00fc\u015fk\u00fclleri, girift\u00e2r oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fkenceleri derin bir sab\u0131rla kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015f kalbinde yerle\u015fen tevh\u00eed inanc\u0131, bir lahza bile sars\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f; \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn k\u0131zg\u0131n kumlar\u0131, k\u0131zg\u0131n kayalar\u0131 s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn\u00fc yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 veyahut sular i\u00e7ine dald\u0131r\u0131larak bo\u011fulmak istendi\u011fi zamanlarda bile kalbi hep kelime-i tevhid ile \u00e7arpm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Amm\u00e2r b. Y\u00e2sir\u2019in Habe\u015fistan hicretine kat\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda ihtilaf vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, iki Habe\u015f hicretinde de bulunmu\u015ftur. Hz. Amm\u00e2r Medine\u2019ye ilk hicret edenlerden idi. Hz. Amm\u00e2r, Medine\u2019de Hz. M\u00fcnzir b. Abd\u00fclm\u00fcbe\u015f\u015firin misafiri oldu. Resulullah (s.a.s.) Medine\u2019ye gelince, onu, Hz. Huzeyfe b. Yem\u00e2n el-Ens\u00e2r\u00ee ile karde\u015f yapt\u0131. Amm\u00e2r, bu din karde\u015finin verdi\u011fi araz\u00ee par\u00e7as\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, Tabak\u00e2t, III, 249).<\/p>\n
Resulullah\u2019\u0131n Medine\u2019ye gelmesi \u00fczerine ilk yap\u0131lan i\u015f, mescid in\u015fas\u0131yd\u0131. Resulullah bizzat ashab\u0131yla beraber bu in\u015faatt\u00e0 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Amm\u00e2r da b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sarfederek herkes bir ta\u015f getiriyorsa o iki ta\u015f getirip, s\u00fcrekli \u015fu s\u00f6zleri terenn\u00fcm etmi\u015fti: \u201cBiz m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, mescidler in\u015fa ederiz!.. \u201d<\/p>\n
Ebu S\u00e2id el-Hudr\u00ee der ki: Hepimiz mescid i\u00e7in birer ta\u015f ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z h\u00e2lde, Amm\u00e2r iki\u015fer ta\u015f ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Resulullah, onu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce \u00fczerindeki tozlar\u0131 silkeleyerek \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftu: \u201d Vah Amm\u00e2r vah! Seni azg\u0131n bir topluluk \u00f6ld\u00fcrecektir. Sen onlar\u0131 Hakk\u2019a davet ederken, onlar seni Cehennem\u2019e \u00e7a\u011f\u0131racaklar. \u201d<\/p>\n
Yine bir defa, ba\u015fka bir m\u00fcnasebetle Resulullah \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: \u201cEyvah, S\u00fcmeyye\u2019nin o\u011flunu azg\u0131n bir topluluk \u00f6ld\u00fcrecektir. \u201d (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, Tabak\u00e2t, III, 252).<\/p>\n
Amm\u00e2r b. Y\u00e2sir Bedir gazas\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak Teb\u00fck gazas\u0131na kadar Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn cihad hareketlerine kat\u0131ld\u0131. Her sava\u015fta g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi cesaretle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu. Hi\u00e7 bir g\u00fcn Resul-u Ekrem\u2019in gazvelerine kat\u0131lmaktan geri durmad\u0131. Resulullah\u2019\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan sonra, Hz. Ebu Bekir (r.a.) devrinde yap\u0131lan \u00f6nemli cihat harek\u00e2tlar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 \u015fecaat ve cesaretle sava\u015ft\u0131. Hz. Abdullah \u0130bn \u00d6mer* der ki: Yem\u00e2me\u2019de m\u00fcrtedlere kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan sava\u015fta \u00f6yle bir yi\u011fit g\u00f6rd\u00fcm ki, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n saflar\u0131n\u0131 yerle bir ediyor, etraf\u0131ndaki bahad\u0131rlara \u201cCennet ilerdedir!\u2026\u201d diyordu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131m, bu bahad\u0131r insan\u0131n Amm\u00e2r b. Y\u00e2sir oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendim. \u0130\u015fte bu bahad\u0131r m\u00fcmin Yem\u00e2me sava\u015f\u0131nda bir kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Resulullah, Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131 \u00e7ok sever ve korurdu. Bir g\u00fcn Amm\u00e2r, H\u00e2lid \u0130bn Vel\u00eed ile tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Resulullah bu tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 duymu\u015f ve H\u00e2lid (r.a.) Resulullah\u2019a Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yet yollu ve a\u011f\u0131r s\u00f6zlerle ithama ba\u015flay\u0131nca Amm\u00e2r a\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine Resulullah: \u201cKim Amm\u00e2r\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ederse Allah\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k etmi\u015f olur. Amm\u00e2r\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fman olan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 Allah\u2019t\u0131r.\u201d (Ahmed b. Hanbel, IV, 89, 90) buyurmu\u015ftu. H\u00e2lid \u0130bn Vel\u00eed (r.a.) olay\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cResulullah\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131m. Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n ho\u015fnutlu\u011funu kazanmaktan ba\u015fka bir arzum kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yolda Amm\u00e2r\u2019a kavu\u015ftum ve onun g\u00f6nl\u00fcn\u00fc alma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p kendimi affettirdim.\u201d<\/p>\n
Hz. Amm\u00e2r, Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a.) devrinde K\u00fbfe valili\u011fine tayin olundu. Hz. \u00d6mer, tayin i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 emirnamede \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti:<\/p>\n
\u201cSize Amm\u00e2r b. Y\u00e2sir\u2019i emir, Abdullah b. Mes\u2019ud\u2019u \u00f6\u011fretici olarak tayin ettim. Her ikisi de Bedir\u2019e kat\u0131lanlardand\u0131r. Onlar\u0131 dinleyiniz ve onlara itaat ediniz. \u0130bn Mes\u2019ud\u2019u, yan\u0131mda al\u0131koymay\u0131 tercih etti\u011fim halde, sizi kendi nefsime takdim ettim ve onu size g\u00f6nderdim. Osman b. Hanif\u2019i de Irak\u2019a g\u00f6nderdim. Bunlar\u0131n yevmiyeleri bir koyundur. Onun yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Amm\u00e2r\u2019a verin ve kalan\u0131n\u0131 da di\u011fer ikisi aras\u0131nda taksim edin. \u201d (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, Tabak\u00e2t, III, 252).<\/p>\n
Hz. Amm\u00e2r, bir sene dokuz ay kadar K\u00fbfe\u2019yi m\u00fckemmel bir \u015fekilde idare etti, fakat bir s\u00fcre sonra K\u00fbfe\u2019nin ileri gelenlerinin isteklerine boyun e\u011fmemesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, ho\u015fnutsuzluk ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Hz. Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n tutumundan \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olan K\u00fbfe\u2019liler isteklerini s\u00fcrekli Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019e bildirip durdular. Onun, vazifesini y\u00fcr\u00fctme kudretinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve ona itimat etmeyeceklerini s\u00f6ylediler. Sonunda Hz. \u00d6mer, Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131 azlederek, yerine Ebu Musa\u2019l-E\u015f\u2019\u00e2ri\u2019yi tayin etti. K\u00fbfelilerin Amm\u00e2r aleyhinde s\u00f6yledikleri: Onun siyasete v\u00e2k\u0131f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kif\u00e2yetsiz oldu\u011fu ve memuriyetin sorumlulu\u011funu takdir etmedi\u011fi gibi \u015feylerdi. Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a.) Hz. Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131 azlettikten sonra: \u201cAzlolunmaktan \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fcn m\u00fc?\u201d diye sormu\u015ftu. Hz. Amm\u00e2r: \u201cValili\u011fe tayin olunmaktan memnun olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, fakat azlimden de m\u00fcteessir oldum ! ..\u201d dedi .<\/p>\n
Hz. Osman devrinde, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman; m\u00fcminlerin emiri Hz. Osman (r.a.) bunun sebebini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in belli ba\u015fl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere en g\u00fcvenilir sahab\u00eeleri tefti\u015fle g\u00f6revlendirdi. Bu arada Hz. Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131 da M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi. Hz. Amm\u00e2r, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da olup bitenleri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p, inceleyerek sonucu Halife\u2019ye bildirecekti. Basra, K\u00fbfe, \u015eam gibi \u00f6nemli merkezlere g\u00f6nderilenler, vazifelerini yerine getirerek sevindirici haberlerle d\u00f6nd\u00fckleri h\u00e2lde Hz. Amm\u00e2r, \u00e7ok gecikti. Hatta Medine\u2019de onun ak\u0131beti hakk\u0131nda endi\u015feler bile belirmi\u015fti. Nihayet M\u0131s\u0131r valisi Abdullah b. Ebi\u2019s-Serh, yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta Hal\u00eefeye durumunu bildirdi. Vali mektubunda \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu: \u201cAmm\u00e2r b. Y\u00e2sir\u2019i, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da bir grup kendisine \u00e7ekerek, etraf\u0131nda topland\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n
Cemel olay\u0131ndan sonra Hz. Ali, Muaviye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 hareket edince iki taraf S\u0131ff\u00een mevkiinde bulu\u015ftular. Hz. Amm\u00e2r, Halife Hz. Ali\u2019nin ordusunda yer ald\u0131. Bu sava\u015fta en \u00e7ok gayret g\u00f6steren ve canla ba\u015fla \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fan Hz. Amm\u00e2r idi. Amr b. el-\u00c2s, Mu\u00e2viye ordusundayd\u0131. Muharebenin en \u015fiddetli an\u0131nda Amm\u00e2r, ilerleye ilerleye Amr b. el-\u00c2s\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131na varm\u0131\u015f ve aralar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle bir konu\u015fma olmu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n
Amm\u00e2r:<\/p>\n
-\u201dAmr! M\u0131s\u0131r valili\u011fini ele ge\u00e7irmek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dinini satt\u0131n!\u201d Amr:<\/p>\n
\u201c-Hay\u0131r, \u00f6yle bir \u015fey yok, fakat ben, Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131n katillerine k\u0131sas uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyorum demi\u015fti.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201c-Ben seni nas\u0131l tan\u0131yorsam, senin hakk\u0131nda \u00f6ylece \u015fehadet ederim. Sen Allah i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey yapmazs\u0131n. Belki bug\u00fcn \u00f6lmezsen, yar\u0131n \u00f6leceksin. Herkese niyetine g\u00f6re hakk\u0131 verildi\u011fi zaman sana ne verilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn. Sen, bug\u00fcn \u0130sl\u00e2m devletinin bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan adama kar\u015f\u0131, Resulullah\u2019\u0131n hayat\u0131nda da \u00fc\u00e7 defa sava\u015fa kat\u0131ld\u0131n. Bu da d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Senin bu seferki hareketin daha \u00f6ncekilerden daha iyi ve do\u011fru de\u011fildir!\u2026\u201d (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, Tabak\u00e2t, III, 259).<\/p>\n
Bilindi\u011fi gibi Amr b. el-\u00c2s, Bedir, Uhud ve Hendek sava\u015flar\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015frik ordusu saflar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Kendisi Hendek muharebesinden sonra m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015ftu. \u0130\u015fte Hz. Amm\u00e2r, ona bunu ima etmek istiyordu. S\u0131ffin g\u00fcnlerinin birinde, g\u00fcne\u015f batmak \u00fczereydi ve sava\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fiddetiyle devam ediyordu. \u0130ftar zaman\u0131 geldi ve oru\u00e7lu olan Amm\u00e2r \u00e7evresindekilere: \u201cBana bu d\u00fcnyadaki son r\u0131zk\u0131m\u0131 veriniz!..\u201d diye seslendi. Ona bir miktar s\u00fct getirdiler. Amm\u00e2r s\u00fct\u00fc i\u00e7tikten sonra: \u201cBug\u00fcn dostlara kavu\u015faca\u011f\u0131m, Muhammedi\u2019me, arkada\u015flar\u0131na varaca\u011f\u0131m,\u201d dedi. Bir g\u00fcn Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) ona: \u201cAmm\u00e2r, senin d\u00fcnyada son r\u0131zk\u0131n s\u00fct olacakt\u0131r.\u201d demi\u015fti. \u0130\u015fte bu g\u00fcn Amm\u00e2r, onu hat\u0131rlad\u0131. Olanca g\u00fcc\u00fcyle Mu\u00e2viye taraf\u0131na sald\u0131rd\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada \u0130bn-i C\u00e2diye ad\u0131nda biri onu yaralayarak yere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc ve Amm\u00e2r \u015fehit oldu. Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n \u015fehit olmas\u0131 \u00fczerine ortal\u0131k kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Herkes ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Zaten ak\u015fam oldu\u011fundan sava\u015f da durmu\u015ftu (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l Es\u00eer, \u00dcsd\u00fc\u2019l-\u011e\u00e2be, III, 134).<\/p>\n
Hz. Ali taraf\u0131nda bulunan Abdurrahman es-S\u00fclem\u00ee, Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n \u015fehit oldu\u011fu ak\u015fam Mu\u00e2viye\u2019nin ordug\u00e2h\u0131na gitti. Zaten, ak\u015famlar\u0131 sava\u015f bittikten sonra iki taraf\u0131n adamlar\u0131 birbirleriyle konu\u015fmay\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k h\u00e2line getirmi\u015flerdi. Mu\u00e2viye, Amr b. el-\u00c2s, Ebu\u2019l-Aver ve Abdullah b. Amr b. El-\u00c2s, oturmu\u015f konu\u015fuyorlard\u0131. Amr b. el-\u00c2s\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu Abdullah babas\u0131na: \u201cAmm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131 ni\u00e7in \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcn\u00fcz? Resulullah\u2019\u0131n onun hakk\u0131nda ne dedi\u011fini bilmiyor musunuz?\u201d dedi. Amr b. el-\u00c2s: \u201cNe buyurdu?\u201d diye sordu. Abdullah\u2019da \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 yapt\u0131: Medine Mescidi in\u015fa olunurken, en \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Amm\u00e2r\u2019d\u0131. Herkes bir ta\u015f ta\u015f\u0131rken o, iki ta\u015f ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Resulullah Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131 ok\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve y\u00fcz\u00fcndeki tozlar\u0131 silerken \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftu: \u2018S\u00fcmeyye\u2019nin o\u011flu, herkes birer ta\u015f ta\u015f\u0131rken, sen fazla ecir kazanmak i\u00e7in iki\u015fer ta\u015f\u0131yorsun. Bununla beraber seni, azg\u0131n bir topluluk katledecektir!. O\u011flunun bu s\u00f6zlerini duyan Amr \u015fa\u015fk\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Mu\u00e2viye araya girerek durumu kurtard\u0131: \u201cAmm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131 biz \u00f6ld\u00fcrmedik, onu buraya getiren ve herkesi \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131ndan evinden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p, buraya yollayanlar \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc!.\u201d B\u00f6ylece Mu\u00e2viye, kendini de teselli etmek istemi\u015ftir (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, Tabak\u00e2t, III, 252; \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer, el-K\u00e2mil fi\u2019t-Tarih, III, 311; \u0130bn Hacer, el-\u0130s\u00e2be, II, 513).<\/p>\n
Hz. Ali, Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n \u015fehit oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenince \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc: \u201cAllah, Amm\u00e2r\u2019a rahmet eylesin. O. Resulullah\u2019\u0131n etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6rt-be\u015f ki\u015fi varken m\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu. O da, anne ve babas\u0131 da Allah\u2019\u0131n ma\u011ffiretine mazhar olacaklard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.), Amm\u00e2r ailesini Allah\u2019\u0131n ma\u011ffiretiyle m\u00fcjdelemi\u015fti.\u201d dedi. Sonra \u015funlar\u0131 ekledi: \u2018Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n katili elbette Cehennem\u2019liktir.\u201d Bundan sonra Amm\u00e2r, te\u00e7hiz ve tekfin edilerek K\u00fbfe mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na defnolundu. \u015eehit oldu\u011fu zaman doksanbir ya\u015f\u0131nda idi.<\/p>\n
Hz. Amm\u00e2r, \u00fcst\u00fcn ahl\u00e2ka sahipti. Hayatta hi\u00e7bir debdebe ve sef\u00e2hate boyun e\u011fmemi\u015fti. Z\u00fchd ve takva sahibiydi. Fitne ve fesattan sak\u0131nmakla beraber, onun elinde olmayarak bu olaylara kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u00e2h\u00ee bir imtihand\u0131. Son derece sade ya\u015fayan m\u00fctev\u00e2z\u00ee bir zatt\u0131. Toprak \u00fczerinde yatmay\u0131, en rahat d\u00f6\u015fekte yatmaya tercih ederdi.<\/p>\n
Hz. Amm\u00e2r, Hz. Ali\u2019nin en hararetli taraftar\u0131yd\u0131 ve onun b\u00fct\u00fcn muharebelerine i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fti. Kendisine bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n mahiyeti soruldu\u011funda, davas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdafaas\u0131n\u0131 yapmayarak sadece hakikati s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Ubad, Amm\u00e2r\u2019a \u015funu sormu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n
-Ey Eb\u00e2 Yakazan! Sizin bu hareketiniz kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve i\u00e7tihad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n meyvesi midir? Yoksa size Resulullah\u2019\u0131n bu konuda bir vasiyeti mi vard\u0131r?<\/p>\n
Amm\u00e2r, \u015fu d\u00fcr\u00fcst cevab\u0131 vermi\u015fti:<\/p>\n
-Resulullah, herkese ne vasiyette bulunduysa bize de ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 vasiyet etti. \u015eimdiki davran\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z kendi ictihad\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r (Ahmed b. Hanbel, M\u00fcsned, IV, 263).<\/p>\n
Amm\u00e2r bu cevab\u0131 vererek, gerek kendisinin bir tarafa kat\u0131larak o taraf\u0131n davas\u0131na hizmet etmekte ve gerekse Hz. Ali\u2019nin siyasi has\u0131m tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraflara kar\u015f\u0131 harb \u015f\u0131kk\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mekte, sadece ve sadece kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve ictihadlar\u0131na uydu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ger\u00e7ek olan bir husus vard\u0131r ki, o da Hz. Ali ve Hz. Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n kanaatlar\u0131nda, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve ictihadlar\u0131nda samimi olduklar\u0131 ve \u0130sl\u00e2m devletinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma\u011fa gayret ettikleridir. Her ikisi de tuttuklar\u0131 yolun do\u011frulu\u011funa kani idiler ve bu yolda sebatla y\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Hz. Amm\u00e2r, tercihinin do\u011fru oldu\u011funa inanmasayd\u0131, o yolda bir ad\u0131m bile atmazd\u0131. \u0130sl\u00e2m devletinin menfaatini Hz. Ali\u2019ye iltihakta g\u00f6rd\u00fc; ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ilerlemi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ona arka \u00e7\u0131kmaktan geri kalmay\u0131p, nihayet sava\u015f alan\u0131nda can verecek derecede fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k ve sebat g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n
Daha \u00f6nce Hz. Amm\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n ak\u00eedesi u\u011frunda m\u00fc\u015friklerden g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015fkencelere nas\u0131l g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs gerdi\u011fini ve g\u00f6zleri \u00f6n\u00fcnde annesiyle babas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u015frikler taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l \u015fehit edildiklerini kaydetmi\u015ftik. Amm\u00e2r, bu derin ve samimi iman\u0131n\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee farzlar\u0131 ifa ile ve gece-g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ibadet ve taatla \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak takviye ederdi. \u0130bn Abb\u00e2s \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201c\u015eu ayet-i ker\u00eeme Amm\u00e2r hakk\u0131nda nazil olmu\u015ftur: \u201cO ki, gecelerini s\u00fcc\u00fbd ve k\u0131yam ile ge\u00e7irerek ahiretten korkar ve Allah\u2019\u0131n rahmetini \u00fcmit eder.\u201d (ez-Z\u00fcmer, 39\/9).<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ekten Hz. Amm\u00e2r, daima huzur ve hu\u015fu\u2019 i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan, namazlar\u0131nda bu halden zerre kadar ayr\u0131lmayan bir sahab\u00ee idi.<\/p>\n
Ebu V\u00e2il \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r. Hz. Amm\u00e2r, bir g\u00fcn bize son derece veciz ve beli\u011f bir konu\u015fma yapt\u0131. Sonra minberden indi. Ona: \u201cYa Eb\u00e2 Yakazan! \u00c7ok beli\u011f ve veciz s\u00f6yledin, biraz daha uzatsayd\u0131n olmaz m\u0131yd\u0131?\u201d diye sordu\u011fumuzda \u015fu cevab\u0131 verdi: \u201cResulullah\u2019\u0131n \u015fu s\u00f6zleri s\u00f6yledi\u011fini duydum: \u201cBir adam\u0131n namaz\u0131nda uzunluk, hutbesinde k\u0131sal\u0131k, onun f\u0131k\u0131htaki \u00e2limli\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Onun i\u00e7in namaz\u0131 uzat\u0131n\u0131z, hutbeleri k\u0131salt\u0131n\u0131z. Beyanda cezbedici bir \u00f6zellik vard\u0131r. \u201d (Ahmed b. Hanbel, M\u00fcsned, IV, 264).<\/p>\n
Hz. Amm\u00e2r; hi\u00e7 bir namaz\u0131n\u0131 kazaya b\u0131rakmazd\u0131.O, bir zamanlar su bulunmayan bir yerde gus\u00fble ihtiya\u00e7 duydu, bir hayvan\u0131n yerde s\u00fcr\u00fcnmesi gibi topraklarda s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcp teyemm\u00fcm ederek namaz\u0131n\u0131 eda etti Hz. Amm\u00e2r, daha sonra bu durumu Resulullah\u2019a anlat\u0131nca o da, Amm\u00e2r\u2019a teyemm\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretti.<\/p>\n
Amm\u00e2r K\u00fbfe\u2019deki valili\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda cuma namaz\u0131nda Y\u00e2sin Suresi\u2019ni okurdu. Bilhassa hutbelerinde son derece k\u0131sa, veciz ve beli\u011f s\u00f6zlerle yetinir ve b\u00f6ylece Resulullah\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcnnetine uyard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Amm\u00e2r b. Y\u00e2sir uzun boylu, beyaz tenli, gayet yak\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n y\u00fccelmesi, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde hakim olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck gayretler g\u00f6steren bu sahabi, \u0130sl\u00e2m devletinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015fmesin ve \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumunun vahdeti zedelenmesin diye kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u0131ff\u00een olay\u0131nda \u015fehit olmakla, kendisinden sonraki nesle \u00f6rnek olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
AMM\u00c2R B. Y\u00c2S\u0130R M\u00fc\u015friklerin b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fkencelerine du\u00e7ar olan ilk sahabilerden biri. Ad\u0131 Amm\u00e2r, k\u00fcnyesi Eb\u00fb Yakazan, babas\u0131 Y\u00e2sir, annesi S\u00fcmeyye idi. Kaynaklarda nesebi \u015f\u00f6yle kaydedilir: Amm\u00e2r b. Y\u00e2sir b. \u00c2mir b. M\u00e2lik b. Kin\u00e2ne b. Kays b. Hasin b. el-Vedim b. Sa\u2019lebe b. Avf b. H\u00e2rise b. \u00c2mir el-Ekber b. Yam\u011f b. Anes b. M\u00e2lik …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[396],"tags":[972,973,974,970,968,975,976,977,978,979,980,981,971,982,913,983,673,984,985,986,987,874,988,989,990,991,992,969],"class_list":["post-726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sahabeler","tag-allah-resulu","tag-allah-resulu-hayati","tag-allah-resulu-sahabeleri","tag-ammar","tag-ammar-bin-yasir","tag-ammar-bin-yasir-hayati","tag-ammar-bin-yasir-imam-ali","tag-ammar-bin-yasir-kim","tag-ammar-bin-yasir-kimdir","tag-ammar-bin-yasir-sozleri","tag-ammar-bin-yasir-tarafi","tag-ammar-bin-yasir-yolu","tag-ammar-yasir","tag-ibnul-esir","tag-iman","tag-iman-nedir","tag-islami-davet","tag-islami-davet-nedir","tag-islamidavetci","tag-musluman","tag-musluman-ozellikleri","tag-sahabe-hayatlari","tag-sumeyye-ve-esi-yasir","tag-tabakatul-kubra","tag-tabakatul-kubra-ekle","tag-tabakatul-kubra-nedir","tag-usdul-gabe","tag-yasir"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/726","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=726"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/726\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=726"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}