Em\u00een\u00fc\u2019l-\u00dcmme l\u00e2kab\u0131yla an\u0131lan, ilk m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan ve a\u015fere-i m\u00fcbe\u015f\u015fere* \u2018den olan sah\u00e2b\u00ee. As\u0131l ad\u0131 Amir b. Abdullah b. el-Cerr\u00e2h\u2019t\u0131r. Kurey\u015f kab\u00eelesinin Fihro\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndand\u0131r. Nesebi, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n nesebiyle dedelerinden Fihr\u2019de birle\u015fir (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, et-Tabakat, III, 297; \u0130bn\u00fcl-Esir, \u00dcsd\u00fc\u2019l-\u011e\u00e2be, III, 84).<\/p>\n
Eb\u00fb Ubeyde, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in d\u00e2vetiyle veya Osman b. Maz\u2019un ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda arkada\u015flar\u0131yla Ras\u00fblullah\u2019a giderek m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015ftur (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, et-Tabakat, III, 298). Habe\u015fistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 edenler aras\u0131nda ikinci kafiledendir. Medine\u2019de Ras\u00fblullah onunla Sa\u2019d b. Muaz\u2019\u0131 karde\u015f il\u00e2n etmi\u015ftir (\u0130bn Hacer, el-\u0130s\u00e2be, IV, 111). Eb\u00fb Ubeyde, kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar, \u201cEmin\u00fc\u2019l-\u00dcmme (\u00fcmmetin emini)\u201d l\u00e2kab\u0131yla me\u015fhur olmu\u015ftur. Ras\u00fblullah onun i\u00e7in: \u201dHer \u00fcmmetin bir emini vard\u0131r, bu \u00fcmmetin emini Eb\u00fb Ubeyde b. el-Cerrah\u2019t\u0131r\u201d buyurmu\u015ftur (M\u00fcslim, VII, 127; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, I, 136). Esas\u0131nda Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn ash\u00e2b\u0131 emanet ve \u00e2dillikte e\u015fittir: ancak bir vasf\u0131n her insanda ayn\u0131 derecede inki\u015faf etmeyece\u011fi tab\u00eeidir. \u0130\u015fte Hz. Peygamber, em\u00een olma vasf\u0131n\u0131n ash\u00e2b\u0131 i\u00e7inde en fazla Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019de temay\u00fcz etti\u011fini bunun i\u00e7in belirtmi\u015ftir. \u0130bn Hibb\u00e2n, Enes b. M\u00e2lik\u2019ten riv\u00e2yet etti\u011fine g\u00f6re, Ras\u00fblullah, \u201c\u00dcmmetimin en merhametlisi Eb\u00fb Bekir, en \u015fiddetlisi \u00d6mer, en hayal\u0131s\u0131 Osman en hel\u00e2l ve haram\u0131 bileni Muaz b. Cebel, fer\u00e2izi en iyi bilen Zeyd b. S\u00e2bit, en d\u00fczg\u00fcn Kur\u2019\u00e2n okuyan\u0131 \u00dcbeyy b. Ka\u2019b, en em\u00eeni Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019dir\u201d buyurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Eb\u00fb Ubeyde de di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck sah\u00e2b\u00eeler gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn gazalara kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bedir gazas\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015friklerin saf\u0131nda \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fan ve k\u00e2fir olan babas\u0131 Abdullah\u2019la kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u0130sl\u00e2m ak\u00eedesinin ilk yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde buna benzer olaylar \u00e7oktur. Mesel\u00e2, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir o\u011flu ile, Mus\u2019ab b. Umeyr karde\u015fi ile, Hz. \u00d6mer day\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de \u015f\u00f6yle buyurulur: \u201cAllah\u2019a ve \u00e2hiret g\u00fcn\u00fcne \u00eeman eden hi\u00e7bir kavmi, babalar\u0131, o\u011fullar\u0131, karde\u015fleri, h\u0131s\u0131m ve akrabalar\u0131 olsalar bile Allah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fcne meydan okumaya kalk\u0131\u015fanlara sevgi besler bulamazs\u0131n. \u0130\u015fte Allah onlar\u0131n kalplerine iman yazm\u0131\u015f ve kendilerini taraf\u0131ndan bir ruh ile desteklemi\u015ftir. Onlar\u0131, altlar\u0131nda \u0131rmaklar akan Cennetlere koyar ve orada ebed\u00ee kal\u0131rlar. \u00d6yle ki, Allah onlardan onlar da Allah\u2019tan ho\u015fnutturlar. \u0130\u015fte bunlar Allah taraftar\u0131d\u0131rlar. \u0130yi bilin ki, Allah taraftarlar\u0131 hep kurtulu\u015fa erenlerdir\u201d (el-M\u00fcc\u00e2dele, 58\/22).<\/p>\n
Eb\u00fb Ubeyde, Uhud sava\u015f\u0131nda Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcne batan mi\u011ffer par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 di\u015fleriyle \u00e7ekerken \u00f6n di\u015fleri k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Hendek\u2019te, Ben\u00fb Kureyza\u2019da, R\u0131dvan Beyatinde Hudeybiye\u2019de, Hayber\u2019de, en cesur sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lardan biri olmu\u015ftur (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, et-Tabakat, I, 298). C\u00e2bir (r.a.)\u2019\u0131n nakletti\u011fine g\u00f6re Eb\u00fb Ubeyde kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ke\u015ffe g\u00f6nderilen sah\u00e2be birli\u011finin bir da\u011farc\u0131k hurmas\u0131 bulunmakta; b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcn onlar bir hurm\u00e2 ile idare etmekte veya a\u011fa\u00e7 yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 suyla \u0131slatarak a\u00e7l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Arap\u00e7a\u2019da bu yapraklara habat denildi\u011finden, ona iz\u00e2feten Habat gazas\u0131 diye ge\u00e7en bu olayda, \u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcz ki\u015filik birlik, s\u00e2hile vard\u0131ktan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bal\u0131k ile kar\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 doyurmu\u015flard\u0131r (Buh\u00e2ri, B\u00e2b-\u0131 Gazveti Seyf\u00fc\u2019l Bahr, Tecrid-i Sar\u00eeh Terc\u00fcmesi, X, 364-367).<\/p>\n
Bu \u00f6rnek olay, sah\u00e2benin hangi zor \u015fartlar ve yokluk alt\u0131nda il\u00e2y\u0131 kelimetullah i\u00e7in cihada \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na sadece bir tek \u00f6rnektir. Yine Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019nin \u015fahs\u0131nda, kumandanl\u0131k i\u00e7in nefsi tezkiye etmenin ve Ras\u00fblullah\u2019a kesin itaatin bir \u00f6rne\u011fini g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: \u201cRas\u00fblullah, Beliy ve \u00dczre kabilelerine Amr b. el-\u00c2s\u2019\u0131 bir grup sah\u00e2b\u00eenin ba\u015f\u0131nda kumandan olarak g\u00f6nderdi. Amr\u2019\u0131n validesi Beliy kabilesindendi. Amr, C\u00fczam mevkiinde \u201cZ\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019s-Sel\u00e2sil\u201d denilen bir yerde durmu\u015f, ilerleyememi\u015f ve Ras\u00fblullahttan yard\u0131m istemi\u015ftir. Ras\u00fblullah, i\u00e7lerinde Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in de bulundu\u011fu bir birli\u011fi Eb\u00fb Ubeyde kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Amr\u2019a yard\u0131ma g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019ye: \u201cAmr b. el-As ile aran\u0131zda ihtil\u00e2f \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u201d diye de tenbih etmi\u015ftir. Hakikaten Amr ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Eb\u00fb Ubeyde, Amr\u2019\u0131n kumandanl\u0131k hususunda bencil davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce: \u201cAllah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc bana \u2018Amr ile ihtil\u00e2f \u00e7\u0131karma\u2019 dedi; onun i\u00e7in sen beni dinlemezsen, ben seni dinlerim\u201d demi\u015ftir. Eb\u00fb Ubeyde kumandanl\u0131\u011fa daha l\u00e2y\u0131k olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu b\u00fcy\u00fck davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir (Ahmed b. Hanbel, M\u00fcsned, I, 196).<\/p>\n
Eb\u00fb Ubeyde hicr\u00ee 9. y\u0131lda Ras\u00fblullah taraf\u0131ndan \u201cEmin\u00fc\u2019l-\u00dcmme\u201d diye \u00f6v\u00fclerek, Necran hristiyanlar\u0131ndan cizye almaya memur edildi. Ras\u00fblullah Necran h\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n\u0131 Medine\u2019ye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rarak onlar\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a d\u00e2vet etti; ancak hristiyanlar, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 kabul etmeyip sadece cizye verebileceklerini, bunu da almas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cg\u00fcvenilir\u201d birini memur etmesini Ras\u00fblullah\u2019tan istediler, Ras\u00fblullah da, \u201cSize hakk\u0131yla em\u00een bir adam g\u00f6nderece\u011fim\u201d diyerek Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019yi g\u00f6nderdi. Ras\u00fblullah, Bahreyn ile sulh yapt\u0131ktan sonra onlardan toplanacak cizye\u2019yi almaya da Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019yi g\u00f6revlendirdi.<\/p>\n
Eb\u00fb Ubeyde, Mekke fethinde, Taif muhasaras\u0131nda, Ved\u00e2 Hacc\u0131\u2019nda hep Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur. Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n vef\u00e2t\u0131ndan sonra meydana gelen Ben\u00fb Sa\u00eede sakifesi olay\u0131nda Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Hz. \u00d6mer ve Hz. Eb\u00fb Ubeyde birlikte hareket etmi\u015flerdir. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019nin elinden ve Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in elinden tutarak ortalar\u0131nda durmu\u015f, sah\u00e2beye bu iki zattan birisine bey\u2019at etmelerini s\u00f6ylemi\u015f; bu s\u00f6zlerin hemen ard\u0131ndan Hz. \u00d6mer, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e bey\u2019at edince, Eb\u00fb Ubeyde de Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e bey\u2019at etmi\u015ftir. Eb\u00fb Bekir, vef\u00e2t ederken bu olay\u0131 an\u0131msatm\u0131\u015f ve, \u201cBen\u00fb Saide sakifesinde Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019i halifeli\u011fe, Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019yi vezirli\u011fe l\u00e2y\u0131k g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir (Taber\u00ee, T\u00e2rih, III, 430).<\/p>\n
Eb\u00fb Ubeyde b. el-Cerr\u00e2h, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hil\u00e2fetinden itibaren Hz. \u00d6mer zaman\u0131nda cihad hareketinde Suriye b\u00f6lgesindeki fetihlere kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve kumandan olarak yer ald\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca o, Bisan, Taberiye, Baalbek, Humus, Hama, \u015eeyre, Maarra, Lazkiye, Antarius, Banyas, Selemiye, Halep, Antakya, Menbic, Delul fetihlerinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
634 y\u0131l\u0131nda (H. 13), Humus\u2019ta Roma \u0130mparatoru Herakleius\u2019un muazzam ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 Eb\u00fb Ubeyde, Yezid b. Eb\u00ee S\u00fcfyan, \u015eurahbil, Amr b. el-\u00c2s ve Halid b. Velid gibi kumandanlar\u0131n ordular\u0131 birle\u015ferek Ecn\u00e2din\u2019de sava\u015ft\u0131lar. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u00fc\u00e7 bin \u015fehid vererek buray\u0131 fethettiler. Suriye\u2019nin en m\u00fchim ticaret merkezi olan \u015eam\u2019\u0131 ku\u015fatt\u0131klar\u0131nda Eb\u00fb Ubeyde C\u00e2biye kap\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015fehre sald\u0131rd\u0131. Halid b. Velid \u015eam\u2019\u0131n kendi taraf\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7arp\u0131\u015farak ele ge\u00e7irirken, Eb\u00fb Ubeyde kendi b\u00f6lgesini sulh ile ele ge\u00e7irdi ve hristiyanlarla yap\u0131lan sulh antla\u015fmas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fehre \u015f\u00e2mil k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131. 635 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fahl sava\u015f\u0131 vuku buldu. Roma ordusu m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n say\u0131ca \u00fc\u00e7-d\u00f6rt misliydi. \u0130ki ordu \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmadan \u00f6nce Romal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6zel el\u00e7isi m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n karargah\u0131na gelip sulh \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek istedi. El\u00e7i, burada Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019yi komutan olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihti\u015fam i\u00e7inde biri san\u0131yordu. Ancak her tarafta birbirine benzer insanlar ve di\u011fer askerlerden fark\u0131 olmayan Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019yi g\u00f6r\u00fcnce \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Eb\u00fb Ubeyde, el\u00e7inin, Roma topraklar\u0131n\u0131 terkederlerse askerlerine alt\u0131n verme teklifini reddetti. \u0130ki ordu \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Romal\u0131lar\u0131 yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131lar. 635 y\u0131l\u0131nda Suriye\u2019nin tarih\u00ee \u015fehri Humus fethedildi. Eb\u00fb Ubeyde bir\u00e7ok yerleri sulh ile ele ge\u00e7irip Antakya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelmi\u015fken halife Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in emriyle askerlerini durdurdu ve Humus\u2019ta yerle\u015fti. 636\u2032da Herakleios Roma, \u0130stanbul, el-Cezire, Ermenistan gibi Roma vil\u00e2yetlerinden gelen askerlerle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ordu toplad\u0131 ve Suriye\u2019ye hareket etti. Eb\u00fb Ubeyde Humus ve di\u011fer fethedilen yerlerdeki kumandanlara mektup yazarak toplanan cizyelerin i\u00e2de edilmesini, geri \u00e7ekileceklerini bildirdi (Ebd Y\u00fbsuf, Kit\u00e2bu\u2019l-Harac, 81). Daha sonra \u015eam\u2019a gitti ve da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k \u0130sl\u00e2m ordular\u0131n\u0131 toplamak amac\u0131yla Yerm\u00fck\u2019te karargah kurdu. Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019e s\u00fcr\u2019atle haber yollad\u0131; Roma ordusunun \u00e2deta ya\u011farak \u00fczerlerine geldi\u011fini bildirdi ve \u00e2cil yard\u0131m g\u00f6ndermesini istedi. Yard\u0131m i\u00e7in vakit yoktu; Hz. \u00d6mer cevab\u0131nda, \u201cOnlar\u0131 yenece\u011finize inan\u0131yoruz\u201d diyordu. Amr b. el-\u00c2s da \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019den Yerm\u00fck\u2019e gelince m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n maneviyatlar\u0131 kuvvetlendi. Yerm\u00fck\u2019e \u00e7ok yakla\u015fan Roma ordusundan bir el\u00e7i ak\u015fam namaz\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131rken geldi\u011fi zaman Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019ye sordu: \u201cHz. \u0130sa i\u00e7in ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz?\u201d Ebu Ubeyde \u015fu cevab\u0131 verdi: Allah buyurur ki: \u201cEy ehl-i kitap, dininizde ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k etmeyin. Allah hakk\u0131nda ancak ger\u00e7e\u011fi s\u00f6yleyin. Meryem o\u011flu \u0130sa Mesih Allah\u2019\u0131n peygamberidir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Meryem\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kelimesi ve kendinden bir ruhtur. Allah\u2019a ve peygamberlerine inan\u0131n, \u201c\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr\u201d demeyin, vazge\u00e7in, bu hayr\u0131n\u0131zad\u0131r. Allah ancak bir tektir. \u00c7ocu\u011fu olmaktan m\u00fcnezzehtir, g\u00f6klerde u\u00e7anlar da yerde olanlar da O\u2019nundur\u201d (en-Nis\u00e2, 4\/1 71). Romal\u0131 el\u00e7i bu \u00e2yeti duyunca kelime-i \u015feh\u00e2det getirdi ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kat\u0131ld\u0131. Yerm\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar inan\u00e7lar\u0131yla dev gibi Roma ordusunu korkun\u00e7 bir yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Herakleios art\u0131k bu yenilgiden sonra Antakya\u2019y\u0131 terketti ve \u0130stanbul\u2019a giderken me\u015fhur \u201cElveda Suriye\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Eb\u00fb Ubeyde tekrar Humus\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc. K\u0131nnesrin, Halep, Antakya \u0130sl\u00e2m hakimiyeti alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. Halid b. Velid Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131 fethetti. Nihayet Kud\u00fcs 637 tarihinde ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Kud\u00fcs halk\u0131 ve din adamlar\u0131 \u015fehri, Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019e teslim etmek istediklerini s\u00f6ylediler. Hz. \u00d6mer Cabiye\u2019ye gelerek onlarla antla\u015fma imzalad\u0131. 638 y\u0131l\u0131nda Halid b. Velid\u2019i ba\u015fkumandanl\u0131ktan azleden Hz. \u00d6mer yerine Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019yi tayin etti. Bu s\u0131rada Rumlar tekrar yeni bir orduyla sald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Eb\u00fb Ubeyde komutas\u0131ndaki \u0130sl\u00e2m ordusu Rumlar\u0131 Humus\u2019ta bir defa daha yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131. Eb\u00fb Ubeyde, \u015eam ve \u00e7evresinin f\u00fctuh\u00e2t\u0131 tamamland\u0131ktan sonra \u201c\u015eam emiri, adaleti\u201d deyimiyle Rumlar aras\u0131nda bile hay\u0131rla an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hicretin 18. y\u0131l\u0131nda Hicaz b\u00f6lgesinde k\u0131tl\u0131k ba\u015fg\u00f6sterince Eb\u00fb Ubeyde Medine\u2019ye b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda yiyecek yard\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6nderdi. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l, veya 17. y\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda- Suriye, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Irak\u2019\u0131 Amvas (Amevas) T\u00e2unu diye tarihe ge\u00e7en veba salg\u0131n\u0131 istil\u00e2 etmi\u015f, bir\u00e7ok sah\u00e2b\u00ee bu salg\u0131nda vef\u00e2t etmi\u015fti. Eb\u00fb Ubeyde de, Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in \u015eam\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 \u0131srarlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u015fehirde kalm\u0131\u015f ve vebaya yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yerine Mu\u00e2z b. Cebel\u2019i b\u0131rakan Eb\u00fb Ubeyde \u015f\u00f6yle vasiyette bulundu: \u201cSize bir vasiyyetim var. Onu kabul ederseniz hayra erersiniz: Namaz\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131n, orucunuzu tutun, sadakan\u0131z\u0131 verin, hacc\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 if\u00e2 edin, birbirinizi g\u00f6zetin, emirlerinize itaat edin ve onlar\u0131 aldatmay\u0131n. D\u00fcnya sizi aldatmas\u0131n. Bir insan bin sene de ya\u015fasa \u00e2kibet \u015fu neticeye var\u0131r: Allah insanlar\u0131n aln\u0131na \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, onun i\u00e7in hepsi \u00f6l\u00fcrler. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n en ak\u0131ll\u0131s\u0131 Allah\u2019a en \u00e7ok itaat eden, \u00e2hiret i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fand\u0131r. Hepinize Allah\u2019\u0131n sel\u00e2m ve rahmetini, l\u00fct\u00fbf ve bereketini niy\u00e2z ederim. Haydi Mu\u00e2z! Cemaate namaz k\u0131ld\u0131r.\u201d Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019nin kabri \u015eam\u2019da Anta k\u00f6y\u00fc civar\u0131nda Gavr Beysan\u2019dad\u0131r. Tarih\u00e7ilerin nakline g\u00f6re Hz. \u00d6mer ve ash\u00e2b salg\u0131n yerine gelip durumu g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra hemen oradan ayr\u0131lmak istemi\u015fler, Eb\u00fb Ubeyde \u00d6mer\u2019e, \u201cYa \u00d6mer, Allah\u2019\u0131n kaderinden mi ka\u00e7\u0131yorsun?\u201d demi\u015f, \u00d6mer de, \u201cEvet, Allah\u2019\u0131n kaz\u00e2s\u0131ndan kaderine ka\u00e7\u0131yorum\u201d demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ebu Ubeyde, z\u00fcht ve takv\u00e2 sahibi, \u201c\u00fcmmetin em\u00eeni\u201d, cesur, sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131, adaletle h\u00fckmeden, itaatk\u00e2r bir sah\u00e2b\u00eedir. Di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok sah\u00e2b\u00ee gibi o da, f\u00fctuhat sonunda ele ge\u00e7irilen mal ve m\u00fclke ra\u011fbet etmeyerek sade bir hayat s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Hz. \u00d6mer onun odas\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fyas\u0131z bir ke\u00e7e, bir k\u0131rba, birka\u00e7 lokma yiyecekten ibaret oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce a\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve, \u201cD\u00fcnya herkesi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi, yaln\u0131z seni de\u011fi\u015ftiremedi\u201d demi\u015ftir. Yine \u00d6mer, \u201cAllah\u2019a hamdolsun, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7inde b\u00f6yle insanlar var\u2026\u201d diye onu \u00f6vm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Eb\u00fb Ubeyde, bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n kendisine iltica eden birini himaye edebilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir (Ahmed b. Hanbel, M\u00fcsned, I, 195). A\u015fere-i M\u00fcbe\u015f\u015fere* denilen, cennetle m\u00fcjdelenmi\u015f on ki\u015fiden biri olan Eb\u00fb Ubeyde, Ras\u00fblullah ile devaml\u0131 birlikte oldu\u011fu halde ondan \u00e7ok az hadis riv\u00e2yet etmi\u015ftir. Orta boylu, zay\u0131f, g\u00fczel y\u00fczl\u00fc, zek\u00ee, merhametli diye an\u0131lan bu sah\u00e2b\u00ee, \u015eam emiri iken, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015eam halk\u0131 onun \u00e2dil bir y\u00f6netici oldu\u011funda ittifak etmi\u015ftir. Onun az hadis riv\u00e2yet etmesi, t\u0131pk\u0131 Eb\u00fb Bekir, Z\u00fcbeyr b. el-Avv\u00e2m, Abb\u00e2s b. Abd\u00fclmuttalib gibi bir\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck sah\u00e2b\u00ee -Mukillin- gibi, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n m\u00e2iyetinde bulunmalar\u0131na ve onun vef\u00e2t\u0131ndan sonra ya\u015famalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, hadis riv\u00e2yeti hususunda \u00e7ok titiz, bunun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorumluluk oldu\u011funun bilincinde oldu\u011fundan kaynaklan\u0131yordu. Ebu Ubeyde Ras\u00fblullah\u2019tan ond\u00f6rt hadis riv\u00e2yet etmi\u015ftir (Ahmed Na\u00eem, Tecrid-i Sar\u00eeh Terc\u00fcmesi, Mukaddime, 1, 60). Bu Mukillin ash\u00e2b, s\u00fcnnetin birer uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, canl\u0131 birer num\u00fbnesi olduklar\u0131ndan, s\u00fcnneti ya\u015famaya daha ziyade \u00f6nem vermi\u015fler, s\u00fcnneti \u201canlatma\u201dy\u0131 ise ba\u015fka sah\u00e2b\u00eelere b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015fl\u00e2rd\u0131r. Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019nin r\u00e2vileri aras\u0131nda C\u00e2bir, Eb\u00fb \u00dcm\u00e2me, Abdurrahman b. Ganem bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Em\u00een\u00fc\u2019l-\u00dcmme l\u00e2kab\u0131yla an\u0131lan, ilk m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan ve a\u015fere-i m\u00fcbe\u015f\u015fere* \u2018den olan sah\u00e2b\u00ee. As\u0131l ad\u0131 Amir b. Abdullah b. el-Cerr\u00e2h\u2019t\u0131r. Kurey\u015f kab\u00eelesinin Fihro\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndand\u0131r. Nesebi, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n nesebiyle dedelerinden Fihr\u2019de birle\u015fir (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, et-Tabakat, III, 297; \u0130bn\u00fcl-Esir, \u00dcsd\u00fc\u2019l-\u011e\u00e2be, III, 84). Eb\u00fb Ubeyde, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in d\u00e2vetiyle veya Osman b. Maz\u2019un ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda arkada\u015flar\u0131yla Ras\u00fblullah\u2019a giderek m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015ftur (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, et-Tabakat, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[396],"tags":[1019,1017,1016,1011,1013,1014,1020,399,874,875,1510,957,1021,1012,1010,1015,1018,880],"class_list":["post-730","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sahabeler","tag-ayet","tag-bedir-savasi","tag-bedir-savasindaki-sahabeler","tag-cerrah","tag-ebu-ubeyde","tag-ebu-ubeyde-hayati","tag-hadis","tag-sahabe","tag-sahabe-hayatlari","tag-sahabe-i-kiram","tag-sahabeler","tag-sahabelerin-hayatlari","tag-sahabi","tag-ubeyde","tag-ubeyde-bin-cerrah","tag-ubeyde-bin-cerrah-hayati","tag-uhud-savasi","tag-unlu-sahabeler"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/730","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=730"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/730\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=730"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=730"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=730"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}