Hz. Muhammed (s.a.s.)\u2019in \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 tebli\u011fe ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonra ilk iman eden h\u00fcr erkeklerin; ra\u015fit halifelerin, a\u015fere-i m\u00fcbe\u015f\u015ferenin ilki. C\u00e2miu\u2019l Kur\u2019an, es-S\u0131dd\u00eek, el-Atik lakaplar\u0131yla bilinen b\u00fcy\u00fck sahabi.<\/p>\n
Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de hicret s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ras\u00fblullah\u2019la beraber olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, \u201c\u2026ma\u011farada bulunan iki ki\u015fiden biri\u2026\u201d (et-Tevbe, 9\/40) \u015feklinde ondan bahsedilmektedir. As\u0131l ad\u0131 Abd\u00fclk\u00e2be olup, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019dan sonra Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.s.)\u2019in ona Abdullah ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi kaydedilir. Azaptan azad edilmi\u015f m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131na \u201catik\u201d; d\u00fcr\u00fcst, sad\u0131k, emin ve iffetli oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 da \u201cs\u0131ddik\u201d l\u00e2kab\u0131yla an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cDeve yavrusunun babas\u0131\u201d manas\u0131na gelen Eb\u00fb Bekir ad\u0131yla me\u015fhur olmu\u015ftur. Teym o\u011fullar\u0131 kabilesinden olan Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in nesebi M\u00fcrre b. K\u00e2\u2019b’da Ras\u00fblullah\u2019la birle\u015fir. Anas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019l-Hayr Selma, babas\u0131n\u0131n ki Eb\u00fb Kuhafe Osman\u2019d\u0131r. K\u00fcnyesi Abdullah b. Osman b. Amir b. Amir\u2026 b. Murra \u2026et-Teym\u00ee\u2019dir. Bedir sava\u015f\u0131na kadar m\u00fc\u015frik kalan o\u011flu Abdurrahman d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn ailesi m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015ftur. Babas\u0131 Eb\u00fb Kuhafe, Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in halifeli\u011fini ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.s.)\u2019den bir veya \u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu zikredilmi\u015ftir. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019dan \u00f6nce de sayg\u0131n, d\u00fcr\u00fcst, ki\u015filikli, putlara tapmayan ve evinde put bulundurmayan \u201chanif\u201d bir tacir olan Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar Hz. Peygamber\u2019den hi\u00e7 ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn servetini, kazanc\u0131n\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m i\u00e7in harcam\u0131\u015f, kendisi sade bir \u015fekilde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Fil y\u0131l\u0131ndan iki sene birka\u00e7 ay sonra 571\u2032de Mekke\u2019de d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015f, g\u00fczel hasletlerle tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve iffetiyle \u015f\u00f6hret bulmu\u015ftur. \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7mek c\u00e2hiliye d\u00f6neminde \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n bir \u00e2det oldu\u011fu halde o hi\u00e7 i\u00e7memi\u015ftir. O d\u00f6nemde Mekke\u2019nin ileri gelenlerinden olup Araplar\u0131n nesep ve ahb\u00e2r ilimlerinde me\u015fhur olmu\u015ftur. Kuma\u015f ve elbise ticaretiyle me\u015fgul olurdu; sermayesi k\u0131rk bin dirhemdi ki, bunun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m i\u00e7in harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ras\u00fblullah\u2019a iman eden Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a.) \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00e2vet\u00e7ili\u011fine ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, Osman b. Aff\u00e2n, Z\u00fcbeyr b. Avv\u00e2m, Abdurrahman b. Avf, Sa\u2019d b. Eb\u00ee Vakkas ve Talha b. Ubeydullah gibi \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n y\u00fccelmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck emekleri olan ilk m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n bir \u00e7o\u011fu \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 onun d\u00e2vetiyle kabul etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir hayat\u0131 boyunca Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, \u00e7ocuklu\u011fundan itibaren aralar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dostluk kurulmu\u015ftur. Ras\u00fblullah bir\u00e7ok hususlarda onun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc tercih ederdi. Um\u00fbm\u00ee ve hus\u00fbs\u00ee olan \u00f6nemli i\u015flerde ash\u00e2b\u0131yla m\u00fc\u015favere eden Peygamber (s.a.s.) baz\u0131 hususlarda \u00f6zellikle Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e dan\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. (\u0130bn Haldun, Mukaddime, 206). Araplar ona \u201cPeygamber\u2019in veziri\u201d derlerdi.<\/p>\n
Teymo\u011fullar\u0131 kabilesi Mekke\u2019de \u00f6nemli bir yere sahipti. Ticaretle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yorlar, toplumsal temaslar\u0131 ve geni\u015f k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fckleri ile tan\u0131n\u0131yorlard\u0131. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in babas\u0131 Mekke e\u015fraf\u0131ndand\u0131. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, c\u00e2hiliye d\u00f6neminde de g\u00fczel ahl\u00e2k\u0131 ile t\u00e2n\u0131nan, sevilen bir ki\u015fi idi. Mekke\u2019de \u201ce\u015fnak\u201d diye bilinen kan diyeti ve kefalet \u00f6denmesi i\u015flerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesiyle g\u00f6revliydi. Muhammed (s.a.s.) ile b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dostluklar\u0131 vard\u0131. S\u0131k s\u0131k bulu\u015fur, Allah\u2019\u0131n birli\u011fi, Mekke m\u00fc\u015friklerinin durumu ve ticaret gibi konularda m\u00fc\u015f\u00e2vere ederlerdi. \u0130kisi de c\u00e2hiliye k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131yd\u0131lar, \u015fiir yazmaz ve \u015fiiri sevmezlerdi, daha ziyade tefekk\u00fcr ederlerdi.<\/p>\n
\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 Benimsemesi<\/p>\n
Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Hira da\u011f\u0131ndan d\u00f6nen Hz. Muhammed ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.s.) ona, \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n el\u00e7isi\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyip \u201cYaratan Rabbinin ad\u0131yla oku\u201d (el-Al\u00e2k, 96\/1) diye ba\u015flayan \u00e2yetleri bildirdi\u011fi zaman hemen ona: \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n birli\u011fine ve senin O\u2019nun ras\u00fbl\u00fc oldu\u011funa iman ettim\u201d demi\u015ftir. Hz. Hatice\u2019den sonra Ras\u00fblullah\u2019a ilk iman eden odur. Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.) \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 tebli\u011finin ilk zamanlar\u0131nda kiminle konu\u015ftuysa en az\u0131ndan bir teredd\u00fct g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, ancak Eb\u00fb Bekir \u015feksiz ve teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde kabul etmi\u015ftir. Hatta Hz. Peygamber (s.a.s.), \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n iman\u0131 bir kefeye, Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in ki bir kefeye konsa, onun iman\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r basard\u0131 \u201d diye l\u00e2tif bir benzetme de yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fc\u2019min Eb\u00fb Bekir, hayat\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar t\u00fcm varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a adam\u0131\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn hay\u0131rl\u0131 i\u015flerde en ba\u015fta gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Eb\u00fb Bekir Mekke d\u00f6neminde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kabilelere mensup ki\u015fileri \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a kazand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131, \u00f6te yandan m\u00fc\u015friklerin i\u015fkencelerine maruz kalan g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczleri, k\u00f6leleri korudu; servetini eziyet edilen k\u00f6leleri sat\u0131n al\u0131p azad etmekte kulland\u0131. Bil\u00e2l, Habbab, L\u00fcbeyne, Eb\u00fb Fukayhe, Amir, Zinnire, Nahdiye, \u00dcmm\u00fc Ubeys bunlardand\u0131r. Kendisi de Mescid-i Haram\u2019da m\u00fc\u015friklerin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eb\u00fb Bekir, iman ettikten sonra \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 tebli\u011fe gizli gizli devam ediyordu. Annesi, kar\u0131s\u0131 \u00dcmm\u00fc Ruman ve k\u0131z\u0131 Esma da iman etmi\u015f, fakat o\u011fullar\u0131 Abdullah, Abdurrahman ve babas\u0131 Eb\u00fb Kuhafe hen\u00fcz iman etmemi\u015flerdi. Osman b. Affan, Sa\u2019d b. Eb\u00ee Vakkas, Abdurrahman b. Avf, Z\u00fcbeyr b. Avv\u00e2m, Talha b. Ubeydullah gibi ilk m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a d\u00e2vet eden odur. M\u00fc\u015friklerin eziyetleri \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131p m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara yap\u0131lan bask\u0131lar artt\u0131ktan sonra Hz. Peygamber Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e de Habe\u015fistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesini s\u00f6ylemi\u015f ve Eb\u00fb Bekir yola \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f; ancak Berk\u00fc\u2019l-G\u0131m\u00e2d\u2019da Mekke\u2019nin ileri gelen kabilelerinden \u0130bn Dugunne ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130bn Dugunne onu himayesine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Mekke\u2019ye d\u00f6nmesi gerekti\u011fini belirterek, ikisi birlikte Mekke\u2019ye d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Ancak \u015fartl\u0131 olarak Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019i himayesine alan \u0130bn Dugunne, Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131ktan a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa ibadet etmesi ve inanc\u0131n\u0131 yaymaya devam etmesi sebebiyle \u015fartlar\u0131 yerine getirmedi\u011fini iddia ederek ona ibadetini gizli yapmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011finde Eb\u00fb Bekir, onun himayesine ihtiyac\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, zaten kendisine s\u00f6z de vermedi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015fti: \u201cSenin himayeni sana i\u00e2de ediyorum. Bana Allah\u2019\u0131n himayesi yeter.\u201d B\u00f6ylece on\u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l Mekke\u2019de Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131nda kalan Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Hz. Ai\u015fe\u2019nin riv\u00e2yetine g\u00f6re, Ras\u00fblullah hicret emrini al\u0131p Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e gelerek ona beraberce hicret edeceklerini s\u00f6yleyince Eb\u00fb Bekir sevin\u00e7ten a\u011flamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (\u0130bn Hi\u015f\u00e2m, es-Sire, II, 485).<\/p>\n
Hz. Peygamber\u2019in bir gecede Mekke\u2019den Kud\u00fcs\u2019e oradan Sidret\u00fc\u2019l M\u00fcnteha\u2019ya gitti\u011fi \u0130sra ve Mir\u00e2c * h\u00e2disesini duyan m\u00fc\u015frikler bunu Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e yeti\u015ftirdikleri zaman; \u201cO dediyse do\u011frudur.\u201d demi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00f6z\u00fcnden sonra Ebu Bekir\u2019e; ihl\u00e2sl\u0131, asla yalan s\u00f6ylemeyen, \u00f6z\u00fc do\u011fru, itikad\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphe olmayan anlam\u0131nda, \u201cS\u0131dd\u0131k\u201d l\u00e2kab\u0131 verildi. Kur\u2019an t\u00e2biriyle, \u201cO, ne iyi arkada\u015ft\u0131 \u201d (en-Nis\u00e2, 4\/69) denilebilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte o \u201cS\u0131dd\u00eek\u201d ile o \u201cEm\u00een\u201d, o iki arkada\u015f beraberce Sevr da\u011f\u0131ndaki ma\u011faraya hareket ederek hicret etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Hicreti<\/p>\n
Sevr ma\u011faras\u0131na ilk giren Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, (r.a.) ma\u011farada ke\u015fif yapt\u0131ktan sonra Ras\u00fblullah i\u00e7eri girmi\u015ftir. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131 Esma yolda yemeleri i\u00e7in az\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onlar Mekke\u2019den ayr\u0131l\u0131nca m\u00fc\u015frikler her tarafa adamlar\u0131n\u0131 yollayarak aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Kurey\u015f kabilesinin m\u00fc\u015frikleri Eb\u00fb Cehil ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Esma\u2019n\u0131n evini arad\u0131lar, hakaret edip dayak att\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a.) hicret yolculu\u011funa \u00e7\u0131karken yan\u0131na b\u00fct\u00fcn paras\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buna ra\u011fmen k\u0131z\u0131 Esma onun nerede oldu\u011funu, nereye gitti\u011fini k\u00e2firlere s\u00f6ylememi\u015ftir. \u0130z s\u00fcren Mekkeli m\u00fc\u015frikler Sevr ma\u011faras\u0131na kadar geldiler. Ras\u00fblullah bu s\u0131rada Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu: \u201c\u00dcz\u00fclme, Allah bizimledir\u201d (et-Tevbe, 104\/40). Nitekim Allah ona g\u00fcven vermi\u015f, g\u00f6remedikleri askerleriyle onu desteklemi\u015ftir; Allah g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr, hakimdir. K\u00e2firler t\u00fcm aramalara ra\u011fmen onlar\u0131 bulamad\u0131lar. Ma\u011farada \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn kald\u0131ktan sonra Medine\u2019ye y\u00f6nelen Ras\u00fblullah ile Eb\u00fb Bekir Kuba\u2019ya vard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Eb\u00fb Bekir ma\u011farada kald\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r: \u201cRas\u00fblullah (s.a.s.) ile beraber bir ma\u011farada bulundum. Bir ara ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p bakt\u0131m. O anda Kurey\u015f casuslar\u0131n\u0131n ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Bunun \u00fczerine, \u2018Ya Ras\u00fblullah, bunlardan birka\u00e7\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 e\u011fse de baksa muhakkak bizi g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u2019 dedim. O, \u2018Sus ya Eb\u00fb Bekir. \u0130ki yolda\u015f ki, Allah onlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ola, endi\u015fe edilir mi?\u2019 buyurdu.<\/p>\n
Kuba\u2019da \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn kalan Ras\u00fblullah ile Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir nihayet Medine\u2019ye vard\u0131lar. Medine\u2019de Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir humma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na tutuldu. Hastal\u0131k ilerleyip yata\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Ras\u00fblullah, \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131m Mekke\u2019yi bize sevgili k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n gibi Medine\u2019yi de bize sevgili k\u0131l, hummay\u0131 bizden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u2019 diye dua etti\u011fi zaman Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve hasta olan di\u011fer sah\u00e2b\u00eeler iyile\u015ftiler. Bu arad\u00e2 Hz. \u00c2i\u015fe ile Hz. Muhammed (s.\u00e2.s.)\u2019in d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnleri yap\u0131ld\u0131. Mescidi Neb\u00ee in\u015f\u00e2 edildi. Masraflar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. Medine\u2019de karde\u015flik tesis edildi\u011finde Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in karde\u015fli\u011fi Harise b. Zeyd oldu.<\/p>\n
Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir Medine\u2019de Mescidi Neb\u00ee\u2019nin in\u015fas\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Ras\u00fblullah \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 yaymak ve d\u00fc\u015fmanlar hakk\u0131nda bilgi toplamak i\u00e7in seriyye denilen ke\u015fif kollar\u0131n\u0131 Medine d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6nderiyor, bunlara bazen Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir de kat\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ras\u00fblullah ile birlikte bizzat \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flarda (Bedir\u2019de, Uhud\u2019da, Hendek\u2019te) Eb\u00fb Bekir de yer ald\u0131. O, M\u00fcreysi, Kurayza, Hayber, Mekke, Huneyn, Taif gazvelerinde de bulundu. Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n bizzat idare etti\u011fi harplere gazve denir. Eb\u00fb Bekir, bu s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015flardan ba\u015fka, otuzdan fazla gazveye kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7arp\u0131\u015fma olmaks\u0131z\u0131n Veddan, Buvat, Bedr-i \u00dbl\u00e2, U\u015feyre gazveleriyle de d\u00fc\u015fmanlar itaat alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu gazvelerde Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n en yak\u0131n\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015f olup onun \u201cveziri\u201d gibi idi. Bedir\u2019de, o\u011flu Abdurrahman m\u00fc\u015frikler saf\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Eb\u00fb Bekir o\u011fluyla \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sadece o de\u011fil, Bedir\u2019de bir\u00e7ok sah\u00e2b\u00ee, o\u011flu, karde\u015fi, babas\u0131, day\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bedir sava\u015f\u0131, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 her\u015feyden \u00fcst\u00fcn tuttuklar\u0131n\u0131, Allah i\u00e7in en yak\u0131nlar\u0131 olan m\u00fc\u015frikleri kan ba\u011f\u0131 veya kabile taassubu i\u00e7inde kalmadan, ba\u015fka insanlardan ay\u0131rdetmeden \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcklerini g\u00f6stermektedir. Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n bir amcas\u0131 Hamza, \u0130sl\u00e2m ordusu saf\u0131ndayken \u00f6teki amcas\u0131 Abbas, d\u00fc\u015fman saf\u0131ndayd\u0131. Ye\u011feni Ubeyde kendi yan\u0131ndayken, \u00f6teki ye\u011fenleri Eb\u00fb S\u00fcfyan ve Nevfel m\u00fc\u015friklerle beraberdi. Hatt\u00e2 k\u0131z\u0131 Zeyneb\u2019in e\u015fi Eb\u00fb\u2019l-As da Ras\u00fblullah\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fc\u015friklerle birlikte sava\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Hicretin 9. y\u0131l\u0131nda Medine\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131tl\u0131k oldu. Bu arada Bizans \u0130mparatoru, \u015eam\u2019da Hicaz b\u00f6lgesini istil\u00e2 etmek \u00fczere b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ordu haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Ras\u00fblullah, bu orduya kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m ordusunu haz\u0131rlarken, k\u0131tl\u0131k sebebiyle zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Eb\u00fb Bekir mal\u0131n\u0131n hepsini bu ordunun haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda kulland\u0131. Onuncu y\u0131lda \u201cVed\u00e2 Hacc\u0131\u201dnda bulunan Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc, onbirinci y\u0131lda hastaland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hil\u00e2feti<\/p>\n
Hicr\u00ee onbirinci y\u0131lda hastalanan Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.s.) 13 Rebiy\u00fclevvel Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc (8 Haziran 632) vef\u00e2t etti. Onun vef\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 duyan m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcye kap\u0131ld\u0131lar ve ilk anda ne yapmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fine karar veremediler. Ama o da bir \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcyd\u00fc. Hz. \u00d6mer, onun Hz. Musa gibi Rabbi ile bulu\u015fmaya gitti\u011fini, O\u2019nun i\u00e7in \u201c\u00f6ld\u00fc\u201d diyen olursa ellerini kesece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n iyi oldu\u011fu bir s\u0131rada ondan izin alarak k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na gitmi\u015fti. Vef\u00e2t haberini duyar duymaz hemen geldi, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131 aln\u0131ndan \u00f6pt\u00fc ve \u201cBabam ve anam sana fed\u00e2 olsun ya Ras\u00fblullah. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki kadar g\u00fczelsin. Senin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnle peygamberlik son bulmu\u015ftur. \u015e\u00e2n\u0131n ve \u015ferefin o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck ki, \u00fczerinde a\u011flamaktan m\u00fcnezzehsin. Y\u00e2 Muhammed, Rabbinin kat\u0131nda bizi unutma; hat\u0131r\u0131nda olal\u0131m \u2026\u201d dedi. Sonra d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00d6mer\u2019i susturdu ve; \u201cEy insanlar, Allah birdir, O\u2019ndan ba\u015fka il\u00e2h yoktur, Muhammed O\u2019nun kulu ve el\u00e7isidir. Allah apa\u00e7\u0131k hakikattir. Muhammed\u2019e kulluk eden varsa, bilsin ki o \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Allah\u2019a kulluk edenlere gelince, \u015f\u00fcphesiz Allah diri, b\u00e2k\u00ee ve ebed\u00eedir. Size Allah\u2019\u0131n \u015fu buyru\u011funu hat\u0131rlat\u0131r\u0131m: \u201cMuhammed sadece bir el\u00e7idir. Ondan \u00f6nce de peygamberler gelip ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Simdi o \u00f6l\u00fcr veya \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse siz \u00f6k\u00e7elerinizin \u00fczerinde geriye mi d\u00f6neceksiniz? Kim \u00f6k\u00e7esi \u00fczerinde geriye d\u00f6nerse Allah\u2019a hi\u00e7bir ziyan veremez. Allah \u015f\u00fckredenleri m\u00fck\u00e2fatland\u0131racakt\u0131r\u201d (\u00c2l-u \u0130mr\u00e2n, 3\/144). Allah\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131 ve Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcnnetine sar\u0131lan do\u011fruyu bulur, o ikisinin aras\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131ran sap\u0131t\u0131r. \u015eeytan, peygamberimizin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile sizi aldatmas\u0131n, dininizden sapt\u0131rmas\u0131n. \u015eeytan\u0131n size ula\u015fmas\u0131na f\u0131rsat vermeyiniz\u201d (\u0130bn Hi\u015f\u00e2m, es-Sire, IV, 335; Taber\u00ee, T\u00e2rih, III, 197,198).<\/p>\n
Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir bu konu\u015fmas\u0131yla orada bulunanlar\u0131 teskin ettikten sonra Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n te\u00e7hiziyle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rken, Ens\u00e2r, Ben\u00fb S\u00e2ide sakifesinde toplanarak Hazrec\u2019in reisi olan Sa\u2019d b Uh\u00e2de\u2019yi Ras\u00fblullah\u2019tan sonra halife tayini i\u00e7in bir araya gelmi\u015flerdir. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Hz. \u00d6mer, Eb\u00fb Ubeyde ve Muhacirlerden bir grup hemen Ben\u00fb Sa\u00eede\u2019ye gittiler. Orada Ens\u00e2r ile konu\u015fulduktan ve hil\u00e2fet hakk\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli m\u00fczakereler yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u00d6mer ile Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019nin ortas\u0131nda durdu ve her ikisinin ellerinden tutarak ikisinden birine bey\u2019at edilmesini istedi. O, kendisini halife olarak \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmedi. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in konu\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra Hz. \u00d6mer at\u0131larak hemen Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e bey\u2019at etti ve, \u201cEy Eb\u00fb Bekir, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara sen Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n emriyle namaz k\u0131ld\u0131rd\u0131n. Sen onun halifesisin ve biz sana bey\u2019at ediyoruz. Ras\u00fblullah\u2019a hepimizden daha sevgili olan sana bey\u2019at ediyoruz\u201d dedi. Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in bu \u00e2ni davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile orada bulunanlar\u0131n hepsi Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e bey\u2019at ettiler. Bu \u00f6zel bey\u2019attan sonra ertesi g\u00fcn Mescid-i Neb\u00ee\u2019de Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir b\u00fct\u00fcn halka hutbe okudu ve resmen ona bey\u2019at edildi. Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n defni sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015firken, onun nereye defnedilece\u011fi hakk\u0131nda da bir ihtil\u00e2f meydana geldi\u011finde Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir yine firasetini ortaya koydu ve \u201cHer peygamber \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yere defnedilir\u201d hadisini ashaba hat\u0131rlatarak bu ihtil\u00e2f\u0131 giderdi. Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n cenaze namaz\u0131 imams\u0131z olarak gruplar halinde k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar olurken, Hz. Ali\u2019nin Hz. Fat\u0131ma\u2019n\u0131n evinde Ha\u015fimo\u011fullar\u0131 ve yanda\u015flar\u0131 ile topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bey\u2019ata ilk zamanlar kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 nakledilir. Hz. Ali riv\u00e2yetlere g\u00f6re, el-Bey\u2019at\u00fc\u2019l-K\u00fcbr\u00e2\u2019ya bey\u2019at edildi\u011fi haberini al\u0131r almaz, elbisesini yar\u0131m yamalak giydi\u011fi halde evden f\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f ve gidip Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e bey\u2019at etmi\u015ftir (Taber\u00ee, T\u00e2rih, III, 207). Onun aylarca Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e bey\u2019at etmedi\u011fi haberleri ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun olmasa gerektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onun Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bildi\u011fi, onun hakk\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmalar ve tarihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131, di\u011fer riv\u00e2yetlere ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
R\u00e2sulullah\u2019\u0131n en yak\u0131n ash\u00e2b\u0131 aras\u0131nda -hatt\u00e2 Eb\u00fb Bekir ile \u00d6mer aras\u0131nda- zaman zaman ihtil\u00e2flar, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 meydana gelmi\u015fse de ilk iki halife zaman\u0131nda da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi d\u00e2ima birliktelik devam ettirilmi\u015ftir. Anla\u015fmazl\u0131k gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen h\u00e2diselerin bir\u00e7o\u011funda huy ve karakter farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol oynuyordu. Mesel\u00e2 Eb\u00fb Bekir yumu\u015fak ve s\u00e2kin davran\u0131rken, \u00d6mer sertlik yanl\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Ama her zaman birlikte hareket ettiler. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in y\u00f6netiminde, Hz. Ali ve Z\u00fcbeyr b. Avvam Ridde sava\u015flar\u0131nda kararlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde, namazlarda Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in arkas\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r (\u0130bn Kesir, el-Bid\u00e2ye ve\u2019n Nih\u00e2ye, V, 249). Hz. Ali, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n bir vasiyeti olsayd\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar onu yerine getirece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015f (Taber\u00ee, a.g.e., IV, 236) ancak, \u0130bn Abbas\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fblullah hastaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman ona gidip hil\u00e2fet i\u015fini sormak istemesini geri \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir. Yani Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in halifeli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 kimseden bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zaten tabii, f\u0131tr\u00ee, akli ve maslahata uygun olan da onun halifeli\u011fidir. Hz. Peygamber \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir ahidname b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015f, ancak Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in faziletine dair Mescid\u2019de konu\u015fmu\u015f, hasta yata\u011f\u0131ndayken onu \u0131srarla \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rtm\u0131\u015f ve yerine \u0130mam t\u00e2yin etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, kendisine Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n miras\u0131ndan pay almak i\u00e7in gelen Hz. F\u00e2t\u0131ma\u2019ya, \u201cRas\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi yapmaktan geri durmam\u201d diyerek, F\u00e2t\u0131ma\u2019n\u0131n peygamberin k\u0131z\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 dinin \u00fcst\u00fcn tutulmas\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nemsiz g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131ndayken ondan ne duymu\u015f, ne g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fse onu tatbik etmi\u015ftir (Taber\u00ee, III, 220). Sonralar\u0131 Hz. Ali\u2019nin hil\u00e2feti zaman\u0131nda F\u00e2t\u0131ma\u2019ya -ki, Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e gidip miras isterken onu savunmu\u015ftu- mirastan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey vermemesi de ash\u00e2b\u0131n Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcnnetine nas\u0131l itaat ettiklerinin delilidir (\u0130bn Teymiye, Minh\u00e2c\u2019\u00fcs-S\u00fcnne, III, 230). Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir \u201cRas\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n Halifesi\u201d se\u00e7ildikten sonra Mescid\u2019de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada, \u201cSizin en hay\u0131rl\u0131n\u0131z de\u011filim, ama ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131za ge\u00e7tim; g\u00f6revimi hakk\u0131yle yaparsam bana yard\u0131m ediniz, yan\u0131l\u0131rsam do\u011fru yolu g\u00f6steriniz; ben Allah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne itaat etti\u011fim m\u00fcddet\u00e7e siz de bana itaat ediniz, ben isyan edersem itaatiniz gerekmez\u2026\u201d demi\u015ftir (\u0130bn Hi\u015f\u00e2m, es-Sire, IV, 340-341; Taber\u00ee, T\u00e2rih, III, 203).<\/p>\n
M\u00fcrtedlerle M\u00fccadele, Irak ve Suriye F\u00fct\u00fchat\u0131<\/p>\n
Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n halifesi olduktan sonra, onun vef\u00e2t\u0131yla Arabistan\u2019da Mekke ve Medine d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen dinden d\u00f6nme hareketlerine, yalanc\u0131 peygamberlere, \u201cnamaz k\u0131lar\u0131z, ama zek\u00e2t vermeyiz\u201d diyenlere kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131. Esvedu\u2019l-Ans\u0131, M\u00fcseylemet\u00fc\u2019l-Kezz\u00e2b, Secah, Tuleyha gibi yalanc\u0131 peygamberlerle yap\u0131lan sava\u015flarla bu zararl\u0131 unsurlar yok edilmi\u015f, isyan bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, zek\u00e2t yeniden toplanmaya ve Beyt\u00fc\u2019l-Mal\u2019e konulup da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak vef\u00e2t\u0131 sebebiyle bekleyen \u00dcs\u00e2me ordusunu \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019e yollayan Eb\u00fb Bekir, Bahreyn, Umman, Yemen, M\u00fchre isyanlar\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7te isyanc\u0131larla m\u00fcc\u00e2dele edilirken, d\u0131\u015fta da iki b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorlu\u011fun, \u0130ran ve Bizans\u2019\u0131n ordular\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00eere, Ecn\u00e2din ve Enb\u00e2r, sava\u015flarla \u0130sl\u00e2m diyar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Irak fethedilmi\u015f, Suriye\u2019nin de \u00f6nemli kentleri ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. Yerm\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131 devam ederken Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir vef\u00e2t etmi\u015ftir. Onun ordusuna verdi\u011fi \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlerde \u015fu ibareler vard\u0131r: \u201cKad\u0131n, \u00e7ocuk ve ya\u015fl\u0131lara dokunmay\u0131n, yemi\u015f veren a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 kesmeyin, ma\u2019mur bir yeri tahrip etmeyin, haddi a\u015fmay\u0131n, korkmay\u0131n.\u201d Ger\u00e7ekten \u0130sl\u00e2m ordusu fethetti\u011fi yerlerde kimseye zulmetmemi\u015f, adaletiyle d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n takdirini kazanm\u0131\u015f, m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmay\u0131p da cizye vererek \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n himayesine giren milletler huzur ve emniyet i\u00e7inde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019in Toplanmas\u0131, \u201cMushaf\u201d\u0131n Meydana gelmesi<\/p>\n
Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Ridde harplerinde, vahiy k\u00e2tiplerinin ve kurr\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funun \u015fehid olmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 fikrine \u00f6nce s\u0131cak bakmam\u0131\u015fsa da sonra ona hak vererek, Kur\u2019\u00e2n \u00e2yetlerinin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ras\u00fblullah zaman\u0131nda peyderpey inen vahiy, k\u00e2tiplerce ceylan derilerine, beyaz ta\u015flara, enli hurma dallar\u0131na yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, ash\u00e2b\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu da Kur\u2019\u00e2n h\u00e2f\u0131z\u0131 idi. Ancak, yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan \u00e2yetler da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kt\u0131, kurr\u00e2 da azal\u0131nca Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n muhafazas\u0131 hususunda endi\u015fe edildi. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Zeyd b. S\u00e2bit\u2019in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir heyet te\u015fkil ederek, herkesin elindeki \u00e2yetleri getirmesini emretti. Ayr\u0131ca \u015f\u00e2hitlerle \u00e2yetler do\u011frulan\u0131yor, kurr\u00e2\u2019 ile te\u2019kid ediliyordu. B\u00f6ylece b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e2yetler topland\u0131 ve \u201cMushaf\u201d meydana getirildi. Bu Mushaf Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019den \u00d6mer\u2019e, ondan da k\u0131z\u0131 Hafsa\u2019ya ge\u00e7ti ve Hz. Osman zaman\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131larak D\u00e2r\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130slam\u2019\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn vil\u00e2yetlerine da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Vef\u00e2t\u0131<\/p>\n
Hil\u00e2feti iki sene \u00fc\u00e7 ay gibi \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir m\u00fcddet s\u00fcrmesine ra\u011fmen Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir zaman\u0131nda \u0130sl\u00e2m devleti b\u00fcy\u00fck bir geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir Hicr\u00ee 13. y\u0131lda Cem\u00e2ziyel\u00e2hir ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda hicretten sonra Medine\u2019de yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00fczerine yata\u011fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yerine \u00d6mer\u2019in namaz k\u0131ld\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Ash\u00e2bla isti\u015f\u00e2re ederek Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019i halifeli\u011fe uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi. Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in sert ve kaba olu\u015fu gibi baz\u0131 itirazlara cevap verdi ve hil\u00e2fet ahitnamesini Hz. Osman\u2019a yazd\u0131rd\u0131. Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a.) de, \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fi Ras\u00fblullah gibi altm\u0131\u015f\u00fc\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131nda vef\u00e2t etti. Vasiyeti gere\u011fi Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131na -omuz hizas\u0131nda olarak- defnedildi. B\u00f6ylece bu iki b\u00fcy\u00fck insan\u0131n, iki b\u00fcy\u00fck dostun, kabirlerinde de birliktelikleri devam etti.<\/p>\n
Ki\u015fili\u011fi ve Y\u00f6netimi<\/p>\n
T\u00e2cir olarak geni\u015f bir k\u00fclt\u00fcre sahip olan Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve takv\u00e2s\u0131 ile ash\u00e2b i\u00e7inde ilk s\u0131rada yeral\u0131r. Karakteri; yumu\u015fak huyluluk, \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp \u00e7ok az konu\u015fmak, tev\u00e2zu ile belirgindi. Hz. \u00c2i\u015fe\u2019nin riv\u00e2yetine g\u00f6re, \u201cg\u00f6z\u00fc ya\u015fl\u0131, g\u00f6nl\u00fc h\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc, sesi zay\u0131f\u201d biri idi. C\u00e2hiliye d\u00f6neminde m\u00fc\u015frikler ona g\u00fcvenir, diyet ve bor\u00e7-alacak i\u015flerinde onu hakem tan\u0131rlard\u0131. Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n en sad\u0131k dostu olan Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Mir\u00e2c olay\u0131nda sergiledi\u011fi sonsuz ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6rne\u011fi ona \u201ces-S\u0131dd\u0131k\u201d l\u00e2kab\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O bu olayda \u201cO ne s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsa do\u011frudur\u201d demi\u015ftir. C\u00f6mertlikte ondan \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc de yoktur. B\u00fct\u00fcn mal\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130sl\u00e2m i\u00e7in harcam\u0131\u015f, vef\u00e2t ederken vasiyetinde, halifeli\u011fi m\u00fcddetince ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 maa\u015flar\u0131n, topraklar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131larak i\u00e2de edilmesini istemi\u015f ve geride bir deve, bir k\u00f6leden ba\u015fka bir\u015fey b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00f6rt e\u015finden alt\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fu olan Eb\u00fb Bekir, k\u0131z\u0131 \u00c2i\u015fe\u2019yi Ras\u00fblullah ile hicretten sonra evlendirmi\u015ftir (Tabakat-\u0131 \u0130bn Sa\u2019d, VI, 130 vd.; \u0130bnu\u2019l-Esir, II, 115 vd).<\/p>\n
Hicret s\u0131ras\u0131nda ma\u011farada iken aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir y\u0131lan soktu\u011funda ve aya\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131nda o s\u0131rada dizine yat\u0131p uyumu\u015f olan Peygamber\u2019i uyand\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in sesini \u00e7\u0131karmamas\u0131, a\u011flarken Hz. Peygamber uyan\u0131p ne oldu\u011funu sordu\u011funda, \u201cAnam-babam sana fed\u00e2 olsun ya Ras\u00fblullah\u201d demesi olay\u0131 Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Ras\u00fblullah\u2019a olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rneklerinden sadece biridir. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in beyaz y\u00fczl\u00fc, zay\u0131f, do\u011fan burunlu, sakallar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131na ve \u00e7ivit otuyla boyayan sakin bir adam oldu\u011fu riv\u00e2yet edilir (\u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l Esir, el-K\u00e2mil fi\u2019t-T\u00e2rih, II, 419-420). Ras\u00fblullah\u2019tan sonra bu \u00fcmmetin en hay\u0131rl\u0131s\u0131 Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019dir. O, Hz. Peygamber\u2019in veziri, fetv\u00e2larda en yak\u0131n\u0131 idi. Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n, \u201c\u0130nsanlardan dost edinseydim, Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019i edinirdim\u201d (Buh\u00e2ri, Sal\u00e2t, 80: M\u00fcslim, Mes\u00e2cid, 38: \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, Mukaddime, II) ve \u201cHerkeste iyiliklerimin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r, Eb\u00fb Bekir hari\u00e7\u201d demesi ve son hutbesinde, \u201cAllah, kullar\u0131ndan birini d\u00fcnya ile kendi kat\u0131nda olan \u015feyleri tercih hususunda serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131; kul, Allah kat\u0131nda olan\u0131 tercih etti\u201d diye Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019i \u00f6vmesi ve mescide a\u00e7\u0131lan t\u00fcm kap\u0131lar\u0131 kapatt\u0131r\u0131p yaln\u0131z Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rakmas\u0131 ona verdi\u011fi de\u011feri g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in nasslara ayk\u0131r\u0131 hi\u00e7bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc bize ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00f6yle bir reyi yoktur. Eb\u00fb Bekir n\u00e2sih s\u00fcnneti \u00e7ok iyi biliyor, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131 herkesten \u00e7ok tan\u0131yordu. Bu y\u00fczden hil\u00e2fetinde kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7te muh\u00e2lif bir hareket olmam\u0131\u015f ve fitneler g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir (Buh\u00e2ri, Fed\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019l-Ash\u00e2b\u0131\u2019n-Neb\u00ee, 3 ). \u0130htil\u00e2f veya ihtil\u00e2flarda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck, bid\u2019atler onun devrinde ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201c\u00dcz\u00fclme, Allah bizimle beraberdir\u201d buyuran Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n haberi sanki l\u00e2f\u0131zda ve m\u00e2n\u00e2da Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019de z\u00e2hir olmu\u015ftur (\u0130bn Teymiye, K\u00fclliyat Terc\u00fcmesi, \u0130stanbul 1988, IV, 329).<\/p>\n
Kaynaklarda onun, \u201cBen ancak Ras\u00fblullah\u2019a t\u00e2biyim, birtak\u0131m esaslar koyucu de\u011filim\u201d diye kararlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok titiz davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zikredilir (Taber\u00ee, IV, 1845; \u0130bn Sa\u2019d, III, 183). Bir meseleyi hallederken \u00f6nce Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019a bakar, bulamazsa S\u00fcnnet\u2019te ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, orda da bulamazsa ash\u00e2bla isti\u015f\u00e2re eder ve ictihad ederdi. Ganimetin b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc meselesinde Muh\u00e2cir-Ens\u00e2r e\u015fitli\u011fi\u2019nin ihtil\u00e2fa yol a\u00e7mas\u0131nda \u00d6mer\u2019in Muh\u00e2cirlere daha \u00e7ok pay verilmesini savunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ganimeti e\u015fit olarak b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. O sebeple hil\u00e2fetinde huzursuzluk \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131. Ras\u00fblullah ve kendisi, bir mecliste bir anda verilen \u00fc\u00e7 tal\u00e2k\u0131 bir tal\u00e2k saym\u0131\u015flar, bu daha sonra-bir\u00e7ok \u201cmaslahat gere\u011fi\u201d diye yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklik gibi- \u00fc\u00e7 tal\u00e2k say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani Eb\u00fb Bekir, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 aynen tatbik etmek istemi\u015f; bazen -kalpleri \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131rmak istenenlere toprak vermesi gibi- maslahat gere\u011fi veya zaman\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin de\u011fi\u015fmesini s\u00f6yleyen ash\u00e2b\u0131na uymu\u015ftur. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar hen\u00fcz otuzsekiz ki\u015fiyken Mekke\u2019de Mescid-i Haram\u2019da \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 tebli\u011f eden ve m\u00fc\u015friklerce d\u00f6v\u00fclen Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e hil\u00e2fetinde \u201cHalifet-u Ras\u00fblillah\u201d denilmi\u015f, sonraki halifelere ise \u201cEm\u00eer\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00fc\u2019min\u00een\u201d denilmi\u015ftir. M\u00e2l\u00ee i\u015flerini Eb\u00fb Ubeyde, kad\u0131l\u0131k ve kaz\u00e2 i\u015flerini Hz. \u00d6mer, k\u00e2tipli\u011fini Zeyd b. S\u00e2bit ve Hz. Ali, ba\u015fkumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00dcs\u00e2me ve Halid b. Velid yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Medine D\u00e2r\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti olmu\u015f, Mekke, Taif, San\u2019a, Hadramevt, Havlan, Zebid, Rima, Cened, Necran, Cure\u015f, Bahreyn vil\u00e2yetlere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00f6netimi merkez\u00ee olup, ganimetlerin be\u015fte biri Beyt\u00fc\u2019l-Mal\u2019de toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Mukill\u00een* denilen \u00e7ok az hadis riv\u00e2yet eden ash\u00e2bdan say\u0131l\u0131r. O, yan\u0131l\u0131p da yanl\u0131\u015f bir\u015fey s\u00f6ylerim korkusuyla yaln\u0131zca y\u00fcz k\u0131rk iki hadis riv\u00e2yet etmi\u015f veya ondan bize bu kadar hadis riv\u00e2yeti nakledilmi\u015ftir. Hutbe ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n
\u201cRas\u00fblullah vahy ile korunuyordu. Benim ise beni yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakmayan bir \u015feytan\u0131m vard\u0131r\u2026 Hay\u0131r i\u015flerinde acele edin, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc arkan\u0131zdan acele gelen eceliniz var\u2026 Allah i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenmeyen bir s\u00f6zde hay\u0131r yoktur\u2026 Herhangi bir yericinin yermesinden korktu\u011fu i\u00e7in hakk\u0131 s\u00f6ylemekten \u00e7ekinen kimsede hay\u0131r yoktur\u2026 Amelin s\u0131rr\u0131 sab\u0131rd\u0131r\u2026 Hi\u00e7 kimseye imandan sonra sa\u011fl\u0131ktan daha \u00fcst\u00fcn bir nimet verilmemi\u015ftir\u2026 Hesaba \u00e7ekilmeden kendinizi hesaba \u00e7ekiniz<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hz. Muhammed (s.a.s.)\u2019in \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 tebli\u011fe ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonra ilk iman eden h\u00fcr erkeklerin; ra\u015fit halifelerin, a\u015fere-i m\u00fcbe\u015f\u015ferenin ilki. C\u00e2miu\u2019l Kur\u2019an, es-S\u0131dd\u00eek, el-Atik lakaplar\u0131yla bilinen b\u00fcy\u00fck sahabi. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de hicret s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ras\u00fblullah\u2019la beraber olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, \u201c\u2026ma\u011farada bulunan iki ki\u015fiden biri\u2026\u201d (et-Tevbe, 9\/40) \u015feklinde ondan bahsedilmektedir. As\u0131l ad\u0131 Abd\u00fclk\u00e2be olup, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019dan sonra Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.s.)\u2019in ona Abdullah ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[396],"tags":[1090,1091,1092,1093,1017,1094,1095,1089,1096,1088,1097,1098,1099,1100,1101,1102,1103,1104,1105,1106,1087,1107,1108,1109,1110,1111,1112,1113,1114,1115,1116,944,1510,1117,1118,1119,1024,1120,1121,1122,1032,1045],"class_list":["post-742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sahabeler","tag-el-alak","tag-1091","tag-1092","tag-amir","tag-bedir-savasi","tag-bilal","tag-camiul-kuran","tag-ebu-bekir","tag-ebu-bekir-r-a","tag-ebu-bekir-siddiki","tag-ebu-fukayhe","tag-ebu-kuhafe","tag-en-nisa","tag-et-tevbe","tag-fil-yili","tag-fil-yili-nedir","tag-habbab","tag-hanif","tag-hilafet","tag-hira-dagi","tag-hz-ebu-bekir-r-a","tag-hz-ebu-bekir-hayati","tag-hz-ebu-bekirin-esi-ummu-ruman","tag-hz-muhammed-s-a-s","tag-ibn-dugunne","tag-ibn-hisam","tag-lubeyne","tag-mukafat-kapisini-acan-cile-hz-yusufun-hayatindan","tag-murre-bin-kab","tag-nahdiye","tag-osman-bin-amir","tag-sahabe-hayati","tag-sahabeler","tag-sahabelerin-hayati","tag-sidretul-munteha","tag-teymogullari-kabilesi","tag-ubeydullah","tag-ummu-ubeys","tag-zinnire","tag-zubeyr-avvam","tag-zubeyr-bin-avvam","tag-zubeyr-bin-avvam-hayati"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/742","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=742"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/742\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}