Sa\u2019d b. Eb\u00ee Vakkas Malik b. Vuheyb b. Abdi Menaf b. Z\u00fchre. Babas\u0131 Malik b. Vuheyb\u2019dir. Malik\u2019in k\u00fcnyesi Eb\u00ee Vakkas olup, Sa\u2019d bu k\u00fcnyeye nisbetle \u0130bn Eb\u00ee Vakkas olarak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s)\u2019in annesi Zuhreo\u011fullar\u0131ndan oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, anne taraf\u0131ndan da nesebi Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s) ile birle\u015fmektedir. Sa\u2019d’\u0131n annesi Hamene binti S\u00fcfyan b. \u00dcmeyye\u2019dir. Sa\u2019d (r.a), ilk iman edenlerden biridir. Kendisinden yap\u0131lan rivayetlere g\u00f6re o \u0130sl\u00e2m\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kabul eden kimsedir. Ancak, Hz. Hatice, Hz. Ebu Bekr, Hz. Ali ve Zeyd b. Harise\u2019den sonra m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015fsa be\u015finci m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015f oluyor. Sa\u2019d (r.a), m\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn hen\u00fcz namaz\u0131n farz k\u0131l\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu ve o zaman on yedi ya\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemektedir (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, Tabak\u00e2t\u00fcl-K\u00fcbr\u00e2, Beyrut (t.y), III, 139).<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a) \u0130sl\u00e2ma giri\u015fine sebep olan olay\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r: \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmadan \u00f6nce r\u00fcyamda kendimi hi\u00e7 bir \u015feyi g\u00f6remedi\u011fim karanl\u0131k bir yerde g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Bu arada ay do\u011fdu ve ben onun ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tabi oldum. Benden \u00f6nce bu aya kimlerin uymu\u015f oldu\u011funa bak\u0131yordum. Onlar, Zeyd b. Harise, Ali b. Eb\u00ee Talib ve Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019di. Onlara ne kadar zamandan beri burada olduklar\u0131n\u0131 sordu\u011fumda, onlar; \u201cBir saat kadard\u0131r\u201d dediler. Ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131mda \u00f6\u011frendim ki, Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s) gizlice \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a davette bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ona Ecyad tepesi taraflar\u0131nda rastlad\u0131m. \u0130kindi namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131yordu. Orada \u0130sl\u00e2m\u0131 kabul ettim. Benden \u00f6nce bu kimselerden ba\u015fkas\u0131 im\u00e2n etmemi\u015fti\u201d (\u0130bn\u00fcl-Esir, \u00dcsd\u00fcl-\u011e\u00e2be, II, 368).<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d’\u0131n m\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenen annesi, buna \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve o\u011flunu atalar\u0131n\u0131n dinine d\u00f6nd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7areler aramaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sa\u2019d’a, e\u011fer girdi\u011fi dinden d\u00f6nmezse, yemeyip i\u00e7meyece\u011fine dair yemin etmi\u015fti. Sa\u2019d, annesine, bunu yapmamas\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc dininden d\u00f6nmeyece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Yeminini uygulamaya koyan annesi, bir zaman sonra a\u00e7l\u0131k ve susuzluktan bay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sa\u2019d ona; \u201cSenin bin tane can\u0131n olsa ve bunlar\u0131 bir bir versen, ben yine de dinimden d\u00f6nmeyece\u011fim\u201d demi\u015fti. Onun kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren annesi yemininden vazge\u00e7mi\u015fti (\u00dcsd\u00fcl-\u011eabe, ayn\u0131 yer). Sa\u2019d (r.a) annesine \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnd\u00fc ve ona bir zarar gelmesini asla kabul edemezdi. Ancak imanla alakal\u0131 bir konuda Rabbine isyan edip ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n heva ve heveslerine de tabi olamazd\u0131. Sa\u2019d (r.a) ve benzerlerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 bu gibi durumlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemek ve iman edenleri rahatlatmak i\u00e7in Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015fu \u00e2yet-i kerimeyi g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti: \u201cBununla beraber e\u011fer, hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir \u015feyi bana ortak ko\u015fmak i\u00e7in seninle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rlarsa, o zaman onlara itaat etme. D\u00fcnya i\u015flerinde onlara iyi davran\u2026\u201d (Lokman, 31 \/ 15).<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a), Medine\u2019ye hicrete kadar Mekke\u2019de kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fc\u015frikler taraf\u0131ndan u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn sald\u0131r\u0131 ve i\u015fkencelere di\u011fer m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla birlikte Mekke d\u00f6nemi boyunca muhatab oldu\u011fu muhakkakt\u0131r. Mekke\u2019de m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Mekke zorbalar\u0131n\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in ibadetlerini gizli ve tenha yerlerde ifa ediyorlard\u0131. Bir g\u00fcn Sa\u2019d (r.a) arkada\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte ibadet ederlerken m\u00fc\u015friklerden bir grup onlara sata\u015farak \u0130sl\u00e2mla alay etmi\u015fler ve onlara sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Sa\u2019d eline ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bir deve s\u0131rt kemi\u011fini al\u0131p m\u00fc\u015friklere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermi\u015f ve onlardan birini yaralayarak kanlar i\u00e7erisinde b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130\u015fte \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da Allah i\u00e7in ilk ak\u0131t\u0131lan kan budur (\u00dcsd\u00fc\u2019l-\u011e\u00e2be, II, 367).<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a) karde\u015fi \u00dcmeyr (r.a) ile Medine\u2019ye hicret etti\u011fi zaman, kan davas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Mekke\u2019den ka\u00e7\u0131p buraya yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan di\u011fer karde\u015fleri Utbe\u2019nin evinde kalmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Muahat olay\u0131nda Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s), Sa\u2019d’\u0131 Mus\u2019ab b. Umeyr ile karde\u015f il\u00e2n etmi\u015fti. Ba\u015fka bir rivayete g\u00f6re de karde\u015f il\u00e2n edildi\u011fi kimse Sa\u2019d b. Mu\u2019az\u2019d\u0131r (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, a.g.e., III, 139-140).<\/p>\n
Medine\u2019ye hicretle birlikte \u0130sl\u00e2m devlet olmu\u015f ve kendini tehdit eden g\u00fc\u00e7lere kar\u015f\u0131 asker\u00ee faaliyetler ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Mekke kervanlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik asker\u00ee birlikler (seriyye) sevkediliyordu. \u0130lk seriyye, Hicretin yedinci ay\u0131nda Mekke kervan\u0131n\u0131n yolunu kesmek i\u00e7in otuz ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan Hz. Hamza komutas\u0131ndaki seriyyedir. Sa\u2019d (r.a)\u2019da bu ilk asker\u00ee birli\u011fe kat\u0131lanlardand\u0131r (\u0130bn Sad, ayn\u0131 yer) Bir ay sonra Ubeyde b. Haris komutas\u0131nda g\u00f6nderilen seriyye Kurey\u015f kervan\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk oku Sad b. Ebi Vakkas (r.a) atarak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mekke\u2019de Allah yolunda ilk kan ak\u0131tan kimse olma \u015ferefi Sa\u2019d (r.a)\u2019a ait oldu\u011fu gibi, yine Allah yolunda ilk ok atma \u015ferefi de b\u00f6ylece ona nasip olmu\u015ftur. Sa\u2019d (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir: \u201cAraplardan Allah yolunda ilk ok atan kimse benim\u201d (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, ayn\u0131 yer).<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n Zilkade ay\u0131nda Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s), Sa\u2019d b. Ebi Vakkas\u2019\u0131 yirmi ki\u015filik bir asker\u00ee birli\u011fe komutan tayin ederek el-Harrar mevkiine g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Bu seriyyenin gayesi de Mekkelilere ait kervan\u0131 vurmakt\u0131. Ancak kervan bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nceden bu yerden hareket etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s), sadece seriyyeler g\u00f6ndermekle yetinmiyor, bizzat ordusunun ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7erek seferler d\u00fczenliyordu. Bunlardan biri olan ve II. Hicr\u00ee y\u0131l\u0131n Rebiu\u2019l-Evvel ay\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Buvat gazvesinde, ordu sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Sa\u2019d ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131 (Taberi, Tarih, Beyrut 1967, II, 407). Pe\u015finden tehlikeli bir g\u00f6revle Mekke ile Taif aras\u0131ndaki Nahle mevkiine ke\u015fif maksad\u0131yla g\u00f6nderilen Abdullah b. Cah\u015f seriyyesine kat\u0131lan Sa\u2019d b. Ebi Vakkas (r.a)\u2019\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn cihad faaliyetlerine aktif bir \u015fekilde i\u015ftirak etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bedir sava\u015f\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015frik s\u00fcvari birli\u011finin komutan\u0131 olan Sa\u2019id b. el-As\u2019\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s)\u2019e getirmi\u015fti. O, Z\u00fclkife ad\u0131ndaki bu k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 ganimetlerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Sa\u2019d’a vermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Uhud sava\u015f\u0131nda, m\u00fc\u015friklerin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n pani\u011fe kap\u0131larak da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 esnada Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s)\u2019in yan\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmay\u0131p g\u00f6vdelerini siper ederek onu korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir ka\u00e7 ki\u015fiden birisi Sa\u2019d b. Ebi Vakkas (r.a) idi. O, cesaretinden hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey kaybetmeden ok atmaya devam ediyordu. Sa\u2019d (r.a) ok atmakta mahirdi ve hedefini \u015fa\u015f\u0131rm\u0131yordu. Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s) ona ok veriyor ve \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu: \u201cAt Sa\u2019d Anam babam sana feda olsun \u201d (M\u00fcslim, Fez\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019s-Sahabe, 5; \u0130bn Sa\u2019d, a.g.e., III,141; \u0130bn\u00fcl-Es\u00eer, el-K\u00e2mil,)i\u2019t-Tarih, Beyrut 1979, II, 155). Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s), \u00f6vg\u00fc, r\u0131za ve ho\u015fnutlu\u011fu ifade eden bu kelimeleri, ana ve babas\u0131n\u0131 bir arada zikrederek ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 kimse i\u00e7in kullanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, ayn\u0131 yer).<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a)\u2019\u0131n Uhud g\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hizmet ve g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi kahramanl\u0131k ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc. Onun bu g\u00fcnde tek ba\u015f\u0131na bin ok att\u0131\u011f\u0131 rivayet edilmektedir (\u00dcsd\u00fcl-\u011e\u00e2be, II, 367).<\/p>\n
O, Hendek, Hudeybiye, Hayber, Mekke\u2019nin fethi ve di\u011fer gazvelerin tamam\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, a.g.e., 111, 142).<\/p>\n
Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s)\u2019in vefat\u0131ndan sonra Hz. Ebu Bekir (r.a)\u2019a bey\u2019at eden Sa\u2019d (r.a), Hz. \u00d6mer d\u00f6neminde aktif olarak devlet idaresinde g\u00f6revler alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde onun en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revlerinden birisi, asr\u0131n emperyalist s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden birisi olan \u0130ran imparatorlu\u011funu \u00e7\u00f6kerten Kadisiye ordusunun kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bizansa y\u00f6nelik asker\u00ee faaliyetler s\u00fcrerken, \u0130ran topraklar\u0131na da seferler yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) d\u00f6neminde \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n elinde olan Irak\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc fethedilmi\u015fti. Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a) i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti\u011fi zaman \u0130ran\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 ve netice al\u0131c\u0131 bir asker\u00ee sefer d\u00fczenlenmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flad\u0131. Yap\u0131lan isti\u015fareler sonucunda Sa\u2019d b. Eb\u00ee Vakkas\u2019\u0131n haz\u0131rlanan orduya komutan tayin edilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Hav\u00e2zin kabilelerinden zek\u00e2t toplamak i\u00e7in bu b\u00f6lgede bulunan Sa\u2019d, Medine\u2019ye \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131larak ordu ona teslim edildi. Sa\u2019d ordusuyla Irak\u2019a do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7erek Kadisiye mevkiinde k\u00e2rargah kurdu. \u0130ran \u015fah\u0131, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmak \u00fczere \u00fcnl\u00fc komutan\u0131 R\u00fcstem\u2019i g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015fti. Yap\u0131lan sava\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar kazanm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130ran topraklar\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m tebli\u011fine a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sa\u2019d hasta oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bizzat sava\u015fa i\u015ftirak edememi\u015f ve y\u00fcksek\u00e7e bir yerden, sava\u015ft\u0131n orduyu idare etmi\u015fti. Kadisiye \u0131aleri \u0130sl\u00e2m ordular\u0131n\u0131n kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 en parlak ve kesin zaferlerden biri olarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Daha sonra Sa\u2019d (r.a), Celula\u2019ya y\u00f6nelmi\u015f ve buras\u0131n\u0131 fethetmi\u015fti (H 16). Celula\u2019n\u0131n fethi b\u00f6lgede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtida hareketini de pe\u015finden getirmi\u015fti. Daha sonra \u0130ran imparatorluk merkezi olan Med\u00e2in iki ayl\u0131k bir ku\u015fatmadan sonra d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck mebla\u011flarda ganimet ele ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve Kisra III. Yezducerd buradan Hulvan\u2019a ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sa\u2019d b. Ebi Vakkas, bir ordu g\u00f6ndererek sulh yoluyla buray\u0131 fethetmi\u015fti. Yezducerd ise \u0130sfahan b\u00f6lgesine ka\u00e7arak orada tutunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a), Med\u00e2in\u2019e yerle\u015ferek, fethedilen topraklar\u0131n idar\u00ee yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Med\u00e2in\u2019in havas\u0131, askerlerin s\u0131hhatini olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkiledi\u011fi i\u00e7in, Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a)\u2019\u0131n onay\u0131 al\u0131narak yerle\u015fime ve ordunun asker\u00ee stratejisine uygun bir konumda olan K\u00fcfe, ordug\u00e2h \u015fehir haline getirildi. Sa\u2019d b\u00f6lge valisi olarak K\u00fbfe\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O, tekrar toparlan\u0131p kaybettikleri yerleri geri almak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klara giri\u015fen \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n hareketlerini takip ediyor ve gerekli asker\u00ee \u00f6nlemleri almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Ancak tam bu s\u0131ralarda K\u00fbfe\u2019de bir topluluk, Hz. Sa\u2019d’\u0131 ganimetleri adil da\u011f\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gaza i\u015flerinde gev\u015fek davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolunda iddialarla Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a)\u2019a \u015fikayet etti. Ayr\u0131ca onun namaz k\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131\u015f tarz\u0131n\u0131 da be\u011fenmiyorlard\u0131. Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a) meseleyi inceletmi\u015f; yap\u0131lan \u015fikayetlerin as\u0131ls\u0131z oldu\u011funu anlam\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, maslahat\u0131 g\u00f6zeterek onu geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (Asr-\u0131 Saadet, I, 432 vd.).<\/p>\n
Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a), kendisinden sonra halife se\u00e7imini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in alt\u0131 ki\u015filik bir \u015f\u00fbra olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu. Sa\u2019d (r.a) da bunlar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a)\u2019in vefat\u0131ndan sonra halife tayini i\u00e7in m\u00fczakereler ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman Sa\u2019d, Abdurrahman b. Avf lehine adayl\u0131ktan \u00e7ekildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hz. Osman (r.a), halife se\u00e7ildi\u011fi zaman; \u00d6mer (r.a)\u2019in vasiyetine uyarak Sa\u2019d’\u0131 K\u00fcfe valili\u011fine tayin etti. Ancak, bu seferki K\u00fcfe valili\u011fi de fazla s\u00fcrmemi\u015ftir. O, hazineden bor\u00e7 olarak alm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bir miktar paray\u0131 geri \u00f6demekte zorluk \u00e7ekince, hazine emini Abdullah \u0130bn Mes\u2019ud taraf\u0131ndan Halifeye \u015fikayet edilmi\u015f; bu \u015fikayet \u00fczerine Osman (r.a), onu K\u00fcfe valili\u011finden azletmi\u015fti. Bunun \u00fczerine Sa\u2019d (r.a) Medine yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Akik vadisinde bulunan \u00e7iftli\u011findeki evine yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve ziraatle u\u011fra\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a), Hz. Osman (r.a)\u2019\u0131n \u015fehid edili\u015fiyle ba\u015flayan fitne ve ihtilaflardan tamamen uzak kalmaya gayret etmi\u015ftir. O, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda kan d\u00f6k\u00fclmesinden \u00e7ok rahats\u0131z oluyor ve taraflardan kendisine gelen teklifleri geri \u00e7eviriyordu. O, \u00fcmmetin \u00fczerinde anla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir halife ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ncaya kadar kendisine hi\u00e7 bir \u015feyden bahsedilmemesini istemi\u015fti. Sa\u2019d (r.a), gruplar aras\u0131nda verilen m\u00fccadelelerde kimin hakl\u0131 kimin haks\u0131z oldu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011fi ve haks\u0131z yere bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n kan\u0131n\u0131 ak\u0131tmaktan \u00e7ekindi\u011fi i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle davran\u0131yordu. O, kendisine gelenlere \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu: \u201cBana, iki g\u00f6z\u00fc, dili ve iki duda\u011f\u0131 olan ve \u015fu k\u00e2firdir, \u015fu m\u00fc\u2019mindir diyen bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 getirilinceye kadar asla kimseyle sava\u015fmam\u201d (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, a.g.e., III,143; \u00dcsd\u00fcl-\u011e\u00e2be, II, 368).<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a), g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ki\u015fili\u011fe ve siyas\u00ee deste\u011fe sahip oldu\u011fu halde, riyaset \u00e7eki\u015fmelerinin i\u00e7ine girmekten \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son g\u00fcnlerine kadar ka\u00e7\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O\u011flu \u00d6mer ve karde\u015finin o\u011flu Ha\u015fim gidip ona; \u201cY\u00fcz bin k\u0131l\u0131\u015f sahibi var ki, hepsi seni hilafet i\u00e7in en liyakatli adam tan\u0131yor\u201d dediklerinde onun buna verdi\u011fi cevap \u015fu olmu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n
\u201cBu sizin y\u00fcz bin k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan daha kuvvetli tek bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, m\u00fc\u2019mine \u00e7ekilince onu kesmeyen, k\u00e2fire kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131yr\u0131l\u0131nca onu kesen k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r\u201d (Asr\u0131 Saadet, I, 436). Onun bu anlaml\u0131 s\u00f6zleri, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n birbirlerine zarar vermelerine kar\u015f\u0131 ne kadar hassas oldu\u011funu ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a), Hicr\u00ee 55 y\u0131l\u0131nda ik\u00e2met etmekte oldu\u011fu Medine\u2019nin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Akik vadisinde vefat etmi\u015ftir. Onun vefat tarihi hakk\u0131nda, 54 ila 58 tarihleri aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen farkl\u0131 riv\u00e2yetler bulunmaktad\u0131r (\u00dcsd\u00fcl-\u011e\u00e2be, II, 369).<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a)\u2019\u0131n cenazesi Medine\u2019ye on mil kadar uzakl\u0131kta olan Akik vadisindeki evinden al\u0131narak Medine\u2019ye getirilmi\u015f ve Mescid-i Nebi de k\u0131l\u0131nan namazdan sonra, B\u00e2k\u00ee mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na defnedilmi\u015ftir (\u0130bn Sa\u2019d, III,148). Cenaze namaz\u0131n\u0131 Emevilerin Medine valisi Mervan b. Hakem k\u0131ld\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s)\u2019in zevceleri de namaza i\u015ftirak etmi\u015flerdi (\u00dcsd\u00fcl-\u011e\u00e2be, ayn\u0131 yer).<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a), vefat edece\u011fini anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman y\u00fcnden mam\u00fcl c\u00fcbbesini getirtmi\u015f ve \u00f6l\u00fcnce onunla kefenlenmesini vasiyet etmi\u015fti. Bunun sebebi olarak, Bedir g\u00fcn\u00fcnde m\u00fc\u015friklerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman onu giymekte oldu\u011funu ve bundan dolay\u0131 bu c\u00fcbbesini \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir (\u00dcsd\u00fcl-\u011e\u00e2be, ayn\u0131\u2019 yer). \u0130bn\u00fcl Esir\u2019in kaydetti\u011fi, Sa\u2019d (r.a)\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu \u00c2mir\u2019den nakledilen rivayete g\u00f6re Sa\u2019d (r.a) Muhacirlerden en son vefat eden kimsedir (\u00dcsd\u00fcl-\u011e\u00e2be, ayn\u0131 yer).<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a), Ashab\u0131n se\u00e7kinlerinden biri olup sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Cennetle m\u00fcjdelenen on ki\u015fi aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yine tarihe \u015f\u00fbr\u00e2 olay\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7en ve Hz. Osman (r.a)\u2019\u0131n halife se\u00e7ilmesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a)\u2019\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu alt\u0131 ki\u015filik \u015f\u00fbr\u00e2n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunmaktayd\u0131. O, ilk iman eden bir ka\u00e7 ki\u015fiden biri olarak Mekke d\u00f6neminin s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s)\u2019in yan\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmayarak g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs germi\u015fti. K\u0131yamete kadar devam edecek olan cihad hareketi i\u00e7in, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 taciz eden k\u00e2firlere sald\u0131rarak ilk kan\u0131 ak\u0131tan odur. Yine Medine d\u00f6neminin ba\u015flar\u0131nda k\u00e2firlere kar\u015f\u0131 ilk oku atan kimse olma \u015ferefi de ona aittir. Sa\u2019d (r.a), Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s)\u2019in b\u00fct\u00fcn gazalar\u0131na, kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Bedir\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck yararl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Allah yolunda, \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 nizamlar\u0131 yok etmek i\u00e7in can\u0131n\u0131 feda etmeye her zaman haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu pratik bir \u015fekilde ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Uhud g\u00fcn\u00fcnde m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s)\u2019i canlar\u0131n\u0131 feda etme pahas\u0131na sonuna kadar korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir ka\u00e7 ki\u015fiden biri de odur. O, m\u00fc\u015friklerin Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s)\u2019i \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 hamleleri, att\u0131\u011f\u0131 oklarla sonu\u00e7suz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130\u015fte Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s) bu kritik anda onun g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi sebat ve yararl\u0131l\u0131ktan dolay\u0131 onu ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 bir kimseyi \u00f6vmedi\u011fi bir \u015fekilde \u201c\u00c2nam babam sana feda olsun, At\u201d (M\u00fcslim, Fezailu\u2019s-Sahabe, 5) diyerek \u00f6vm\u00fc\u015f ve bunu defalarca tekrarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ve yine onun i\u00e7in dua ederek \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: \u201cAllah\u0131m! Sa\u2019d dua etti\u011fi zaman onun duas\u0131n\u0131 kabul et \u201c. Bu dua \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Sa\u2019d (r.a)\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn dualar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmekteydi (\u00dcsd\u00fcl-\u011e\u00e2be, II, 366-369; \u0130bn Sa\u2019d, III,139 vd.).<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a), Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s)\u2019i korumak ve ona gelebilecek zararlar\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli gayret i\u00e7erisinde bulunmaktayd\u0131. Ai\u015fe (r.an) \u015f\u00f6yle anlatmaktad\u0131r: \u201cRas\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s) Medine\u2019ye geli\u015finde bir gece uyuyamad\u0131 ve; \u201cKe\u015fke ashab\u0131mdan Salih bir zat bu gece beni korusa\u201ddedi. Biz bu durumda iken d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bir silah h\u0131\u015f\u0131rt\u0131s\u0131 duyduk. Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s); \u201cKim o?\u201d dedi. Gelen zat; \u201cSa\u2019d b. Ebi Vakkas\u2019\u0131m\u201d kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s), ona; \u201cNeden buraya geldin?\u201d diye sordu\u011funda Sa\u2019d, \u015f\u00f6yle cevap verdi: \u201c\u0130\u00e7ime Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s) hakk\u0131nda bir korku d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc de onu korumak i\u00e7in geldim\u201d. Bunun \u00fczerine Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s) ona dua etti ve sonra da uyudu\u201d (M\u00fcslim, Fed\u00e2ilu\u2019s-Sahabe, 5). \u0130\u015fte Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s)\u2019in kendisi i\u00e7in duydu\u011fu endi\u015feyi Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 bu se\u00e7kin insan\u0131n kalbine ilham etmi\u015f ve onu Ras\u00fbl\u00fcn\u00fc korumak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti. Buradan, Sa\u2019d (r.a)\u2019in, \u0130sl\u00e2m davas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcceltmek ve d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ona kar\u015f\u0131 komplolar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6zveriyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Onun Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s)\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 duydu\u011fu sevginin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Uhud\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi daha sonralar\u0131 da onu kendi nefsini feda ederek korumaya sevketmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a), hakk\u0131nda \u00e2yet nazil olan sahabilerden biri olma \u015ferefine de sahiptir. O, \u201cBenim hakk\u0131mda d\u00f6rt \u00e2yet nazil olmu\u015ftur\u201d (M\u00fcslim, Fedailu\u2019s-Sahabe, 5) demektedir. Bu \u00e2yetlerden bir tanesi, Mekkeli m\u00fc\u015friklerin Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s)\u2019den yan\u0131ndaki, ona iman etmi\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz kimseleri kovmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeleri \u00fczerine nazil olan, Allah r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 dileyerek ak\u015fam sabah ona dua eden kimseleri kovma\u201d ayetidir (el-Enam, 6\/52; M\u00fcslim, Fedailu\u2019s-Sahabe, 5; di\u011fer \u00e2yetler \u015funlard\u0131r: el-Enfal, 8\/1; Lokman, 31\/15; el-Maide, 5\/9).<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a), devrin putperest-m\u00fc\u015frik s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden biri olan \u0130ran \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu \u00e7\u00f6kerten ve b\u00f6ylece \u0130sl\u00e2m\u0131n kitlelere tebli\u011fi \u00f6n\u00fcndeki b\u00fcy\u00fck engellerden birisini ortadan kald\u0131ran \u0130sl\u00e2m tarihinin en \u00f6nemli sava\u015flar\u0131ndan biri olan Kadisiye sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n komutan\u0131yd\u0131. O, kendisine verilen g\u00f6revi hakk\u0131yla yerine getirip, Kisran\u0131n saraylar\u0131n\u0131 ve hazinelerini ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve yap\u0131lacak fetih hareketlerine yeni bir boyut kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6yle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir asker\u00ee yetene\u011fe ve siyas\u00ee g\u00fcce sahip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen; bu, onun sade ve zahid\u00e2ne ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131na hi\u00e7 bir tesirde bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Her zaman, \u00fcmmetin ger\u00e7ek temsilcileri olan idarecilerin verdi\u011fi g\u00f6revleri hakk\u0131yla yerine getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, bu g\u00f6revlerden azledildi\u011fi zaman kalbinde hi\u00e7 bir eziklik ve k\u0131rg\u0131nl\u0131k hissetmeden k\u00f6\u015fesine \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. \u015eunu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ki; Sa\u2019d (r.a), \u0130sl\u00e2m binas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flam temeller \u00fczerine oturtulmas\u0131ndaki temel ta\u015flardan birisidir.<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a)\u2019dan \u00e7ok say\u0131da hadis rivayet edilmi\u015ftir. Ondan, \u0130bn \u00d6mer, \u0130bn Abbas, Cabir b. Semure, S\u00e2ib b. Yezid, Ai\u015fe (r.a), Said \u0130bn M\u00fcseyyeb, Ebu Osman en-Nehd\u00ee, \u0130brahim b. Abdurrahman b. Avf, Kays b. Ebi Hazm ve di\u011ferleri hadis rivayet etmi\u015flerdir. Ayr\u0131ca, Amir, Mus\u2019ab, Muhammed, \u0130brahim ve Ai\u015fe\u2019de babalar\u0131 olan Sa\u2019d (r.a)\u2019dan hadis rivayetinde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r (\u00dcsd\u00fcl-\u011e\u00e2be, II, 369). O hadis rivayeti konusunda \u00e7ok itimat edilenlerden birisidir. Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s)\u2019e atfedilen hadisler hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok titiz ve hassas davranan Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a)\u2019\u0131n o\u011fluna s\u00f6yledi\u011fi; \u201cO\u011flum, \u015fa\u2019d, Ras\u00fbl\u00fbllah\u2019dan bir rivayette bulundu mu, art\u0131k o meseleyi bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na sorma\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc onun bu konudaki g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymaktad\u0131r (Asr\u0131 Saadet, I, 437-438). Sa\u2019d (r.a), orta boylu, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, b\u00fcy\u00fck kafal\u0131, sert elli bir v\u00fccud yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip olup, sempatik bir ki\u015fili\u011fi vard\u0131 (Asr\u0131 Saadet, I, 440; farkl\u0131 bir rivayet i\u00e7in bk. \u00dcsd\u00fc\u2019l-\u011e\u00e2be, II, 368).<\/p>\n
Sa\u2019d (r.a), sekiz evlilik yapm\u0131\u015f olup; bu evliliklerinde, on yedisi k\u0131z, on yedisi de erkek olmak \u00fczere otuz d\u00f6rt \u00e7ocu\u011fa sahip olmu\u015ftu (Asr-\u0131 Saadet, I, 441).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sa\u2019d b. Eb\u00ee Vakkas Malik b. Vuheyb b. Abdi Menaf b. Z\u00fchre. Babas\u0131 Malik b. Vuheyb\u2019dir. Malik\u2019in k\u00fcnyesi Eb\u00ee Vakkas olup, Sa\u2019d bu k\u00fcnyeye nisbetle \u0130bn Eb\u00ee Vakkas olarak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s)\u2019in annesi Zuhreo\u011fullar\u0131ndan oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, anne taraf\u0131ndan da nesebi Ras\u00fbl\u00fcllah (s.a.s) ile birle\u015fmektedir. Sa\u2019d’\u0131n annesi Hamene binti S\u00fcfyan b. \u00dcmeyye\u2019dir. Sa\u2019d (r.a), ilk iman …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[396],"tags":[1125,994,1126,1127,1128,1129,1130,1131,901,1124,1132,1133,1134,362,893,1050,1075,1135,982,913,1136,287,1137,1138,577,1139,1140,1141,1142,1143,1123,399,944,956,966,875,1510,1117,1144,1145,1146,992,1147,1148],"class_list":["post-744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sahabeler","tag-31-15","tag-ahlak","tag-ali-b-ebi-talib","tag-asr-i-saadet","tag-asr-i-saadet-guzel","tag-asr-i-saadet-nedir","tag-celula","tag-deccal","tag-din","tag-ebi-vakkas","tag-ebu-sufyan","tag-ebu-vakkas","tag-halifeler","tag-hicret","tag-hicret-nedir","tag-hz-ali","tag-hz-omer","tag-hz-ebu-bekr","tag-ibnul-esir","tag-iman","tag-islami","tag-kuran","tag-lokman","tag-malik-b-vuheyb","tag-resul","tag-sad-b-ebi-vakkas-malik-b-vuheyb-b-abdi-menaf-b-zuhre-babasi-malik-b-vuheyb","tag-sad-bin-ebi-vakkas-hakkinda","tag-sad-bin-ebi-vakkas-hayati","tag-sad-bin-ebi-vakkas-in-kunyesi","tag-sad-bin-ebi-vakkas-kimdir","tag-sad-bin-ebi-vakkas","tag-sahabe","tag-sahabe-hayati","tag-sahabe-kimdir","tag-sahabe-nedir","tag-sahabe-i-kiram","tag-sahabeler","tag-sahabelerin-hayati","tag-sufyan","tag-sufyan-b-umeyye","tag-umeyr","tag-usdul-gabe","tag-vakkas-hayati","tag-zeyd-b-harise"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/744","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=744"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/744\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/islamidavet.com\/cocuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}